Criticle Analysis of a Dolls House - 2519 Words

Critical Analysis of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House was a controversial play for its time because it questioned societys basic rules and norms. Multiple interpretations can be applied to the drama, which allows the reader to appreciate many different aspects of the play. This paper examines how both Feminist and Marxist analyses can be applied as literary theories in discussing Ibsens play because both center on two important subject matters in the literary work: the roles of women in a male-dominated society, and, the power that money has over people. In Marxism it is believed that a persons thoughts, behaviors and relationships with others are all influenced by the individual’s social class and economic†¦show more content†¦He too equates wealth with happiness when he says it is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly safe appointment, and a big enough income. (1.70). When Nora mentions that they can take a loan until his raise comes through, he is adamant in his reply that â€Å"there can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt.† (1.22). He had also adopted societys values that power depended on money, and debt, which was frowned upon, was considered a sign of moral degeneracy. The dramatic irony behind his words lies in the fact that Torvald would not even still be alive if his wife hadnt gotten into debt, but he does not realize this. Torvald cares not only about money, but also about his social status and reputation as well. When he finds out that Nora borrowed money from Krogstad with a forged signature, his love for her is suddenly completely gone, and he accuses her of destroying all of his happiness. Even though he is absolutely appalled by his wifes act, he insists that it must appear as if everything between us were just as before—but naturally only in the eyes of the world(3.242). Later, however, when Krogstad returns the bond with the forged signature and promises not to tell a soul about what happened, Trovald is suddenly able to love his wife again! He still only cares about himself, and this is portrayed when he jumps for joy exclaiming â€Å"I’m saved, I’m saved!† Nora is only an afterthought when it comes to his reputation. Their

Frick, Frack, and Jack free essay sample

Who’s Frick? Who’s Frack? Wait a minute I’m Jack! Then who are Frick and Frack? My sisters, they’re Frick and Frack. When I was little, their nicknames were so confusing! I’d call Frick, Frack and Frack, Frick. They just called me Jack. I’m the youngest of the pack; still learning who I want to be. Frick and Frack are my best friends, sisters by love. They’ve been there for me when no one else was. We all have a love of horses that’s always growing. They’re the teachers that were once me, looking up to the sky and reaching for the stars. That’s why they’re the best, because they reached and never stopped. They were in my shoes and know my height. Frick and Frack told me what to do to get through my life as a teen. It’s rough; they were there and they know it. We will write a custom essay sample on Frick, Frack, and Jack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I remember the first time they claimed me as their little sister. Standing side by side, Frick and Frack pretended to cry. â€Å"And so†¦ We give you this as our little Jack,† they said and handed me a leather bracelet embroidered with â€Å"Jack† in bold. It’s my treasure; that leather and Iwould never let it go. Frick and Frack would never leave, I’d thought. They’re the best friends I’ve ever had. They understand me and know what it’s like to love a life of horses. Why would they leave? But that’s what they did. On the same day, they graduated from high school. Frick went to Cobleskill, and Frack went to the University of North Dakota. But before they left, they showed me they cared one last time. It happened so fast, but each second still feels like forever to me. That day when the grass was just a little too wet, and I urged my horse a little too much. So he slipped, and we were falling until the ground smacked my back. My horse came down on top of me and then everything went black. When light came back I was on the ground. Frick and Frack were suddenly there right next to me. I’d never seen them so scared. â€Å"Why are you looking at me like that?† I’d said. â€Å"What happened? Why are you crying?† Now I see what they’d seen and know what they knew. Death had been so close and I’d been so clueless. All I’d known is that Frick and Frack were there and if they were, everything was going to be okay. Now it’s scary to think of, but comforting too. My sisters were there and they loved me. They didn’t want to lose me. In college now they’re learning and growing into adults. They come back on breaks and sometimes I’ll see them. But it’s just not the same as it once was. I’ve grown older and wiser; I know more of what they already learned. So I’ll shed a smile and wave; I’ll say, â€Å"Hello, how are you?† I come to think of them with an ache in my heart that was once full, but the biggest part of me. They were my home. I know right now they would smile at me and say: â€Å"You’re becoming an adult now, you’re growing up. Stand up tall and ride your horse like that dreaded day had never happened.† â€Å"You’re Jack, a part of Frick and Frack. You’re learning what they’ve learned, picking up your own tricks along the way. You picked up Frick’s bravery and Frack’s determination. You’re gaining Frick’s experience and Frack’s wits. You’re going to be like your sisters one day.† This is what I tell myself, and it makes some of the hurt go away. I remember the time I spent with them. And then my heart feels a little bit lighter. I am Jack; I am a part of Frick and Frack. We are Frick, Frack, and Jack.

Health Care and Correct Medication free essay sample

Antibiotics are either given orally, applied to the skin in ointment form or injected, this all depends on the type of infection the body is currently trying to fight off, for example skin infections are treated with ointment, oral antibiotics are used to fight of moderate infections and injective antibiotics are most commonly used in the hospitals and are reserved for serious infections. Analgesics:- analgesics are a medication which are used to relieve pain, this is done by blocking pain signals which are sent from the brain or by interfering with the signals. Analgesics are most commonly found in paracetamol and ibuprofen and are used for pain such as headaches. There are three common ways in which analgesics can be administered, these are; orally for moderate pain such as headaches, intravenous which is used in hospitals when an individual goes on a drip, epidurals are used when women are in labour. Antihistamines:- antihistamines are medication which are used to relieve the symptoms of allergies. Antihistamines work by blocking the chemical release which happens when the body is allergic to something. Antihistamines are most commonly found in Piriton which is commonly used for hay fever symptoms. Antihistamines can be taken in oral or inhalation form using a nasal spray. The oral form targets itching, runny nose and sneezing, the nasal spray works on congestion, itching and runny nose. Antacids:- Antacids are medication which are used to neutralize acid that is produced in the stomach, antacids increase the PH which reduces the acidity in the stomach, antacids are medication such as Gaviscon. Antacids are used to relieve the symptoms of heart burn, stomach ulcers and indigestion. Antacids are taken in oral form so that they end up in the stomach and lower the amount of acid inside causing pain. Anticoagulants:- anticoagulants are medication which is used to reduce and prevent blood clotting, anticoagulants work by thinning the blood so that is does not clot and block blood vessels. The most common form are heparin and Warfrin, these are most commonly used if an individual is at high risk of having a heart ttack. Anticoagulants can be taken orally in medication such as Warfrin or by injection; the medication is released into the blood stream and begins to thin the individual’s blood. Laxatives: Laxatives are a medication which are used to induce bowl movements or loosens an individual’s stool, laxatives work by absorbing water which increases the bulk of faeces; this therefore stimulates the bowls which moves the faeces along and out of the body. Laxatives are most commonly used when individuals are suffering from constipation. Laxatives are given orally or in per rectum form, they enter the bowls to soften stool are retain water to relieve the symptoms of constipation. Classification of medication:- Prescription only medicine:- prescription only medicines must be prescribed to individuals by a their doctor or other qualified health care profession, the individual must the take the prescription to a pharmacist or GP surgery to collect the medicine. Pharmacy medicine: Pharmacy medicines can be bought from pharmacy’s without a prescription but must have the supervision of a pharmacist. The medication is kept behind the counter so individuals therefore need assistance to buy them. The pharmacist will ensure there are no reasons that you should not be taking the medicines and that they are the correct drugs for you and your health condition. General Sales List Medicines: GSL medicines can be bought from pharmacies, supermarkets and many other retail outlets without the supervision of a pharmacist. These are used to treat minor health complaints that individual’s feel they do not need to go see a health profession about. P2 – describe common side effects of different types of medication Headaches:- headaches maybe a side effect of taking medication such as pain killers for a long period of time, this is because you body becomes used to the painkillers and when medication is stopped there is a rebound or withdrawal effect. Rashes:- Rashes can be a side effect of taking medication if you have an allergy to the drug. This is because the body builds up antibodies that instantly release chemicals into the body which cause red itchy rashes. Weight gain:- weight gain is most commonly caused when taking birth control drugs, this is caused by water retention and also the amount of hormone estrogens is in the drug which can cause and increased appetite. P3- explain relevant sections of key legislation associated guidelines with regard to the administration of edicines M1 – discuss organisational policies and procedures are by influenced legislation and guidelines with regard to the administration of medication D1 – evaluate the effect of legislation and guidelines on the administration of medicines The Medicines Act 1968:- The Medicines Act controls the manufacture and supply of medicines for human and veterinary use. The act defines three categories of the supply of drugs; Prescription only medicines, Pharmacy Medicine, and General sales list medicines the act controls which medicines fal l into which categories. Misuse use of drugs act 1971:- The misuse of drugs act generally covers all drugs that are illegal, with regard to the administration of medication the act covers drugs that are illegal to possess without prescription such as steroids and tranquillisers, these drugs are not illegal to possess if they have being prescribes but if not the individual may be prosecuted for possession or depending on the amount they have they may be charged with intent to supply the drug to the public. Mental capacity act: The Mental Capacity Act covers what procedure to follow for health and social care agencies with regard to medication management in relation to the mental capacity of an individual. In relation to prescribing the act says medication can only be prescribed to an individual without that persons consent when the person’s lack of capacity is beyond that they can understandingly agree. In regards to administration if the person does not have the mental capability to administer their own medicine, the medication should always be administered by adequately trained, competent staff member. Legal framework:- Prescribing and dispensing medication:- before medication can be prescribed, doctors or other health care professional must first assess the individual, this is necessary before the prescription can be given. When the prescription is given individuals must take it to a pharmacist to be able to pick up the medication. The pharmacist must follow legal procedures in which they must ensure there are no reasons that you should not be taking the medicines and that they are the correct drugs for you and your health condition. They should also explain how to take the medication if this is your first time of taking them. P4 – explain the roles and responsibilities of individuals with regard to the administration of medicines in health and social care setting M2: Compare the responsibilities and level of accountability assigned to individuals in the administration of medicines. Responsibilities and boundaries of all workers with regard to the safe handling of medicines (prescribing, dispensing, administration, storage and disposal):- Individuals involved in the process:- Prescribers (medical and non medical):- There are two types of providers, these are; independent providers and supplementary prescribers. Independent prescribers are responsible for assessing your health and/or condition, making decisions about how to manage your health/condition and prescribing medication. Independent providers are people such as doctors, dentists, nurse independent prescribers, pharmacist independent prescribers and optometrist. Supplementary prescribers are responsible for continuing your care after the independent prescriber has assessed your health, they work with the independent prescriber and the individual to make a clinical management plan which can be followed when the independent provider is no longer present. Supplementary prescribers are people such as nurses, midwives, pharmacist, physiotherapist and optometrist (eye care). Social care workers, the need to check that medication received matches the medication and dosage prescribed by the prescriber and is listed on the appropriate documentation:- in some cases people in care settings are unable to look after and take their own medicines meaning this job must go to the care workers. The social care workers must make sure that all medicine is correctly identified by label, that the individual taking the medication is identified, know the need for the medication and know any special precautions that surround taking the medication. Social workers who are responsible for giving medication must follow strict procedures to ensure that the job is done safely. Doctors when and to whom can information about an individuals medication may be disclosed and discussed:- Doctors must stick to strict confidentiality guidelines when working with patients, doctors may only break this confidentiality in serious situations, for example if an individual is planning to cause harm to themselves or others, confidentiality is allowed to be broken to prevent such circumstances, in regards to medication doctors may discuss this in special circumstances for example, if a patient is unable to self medicate, doctors may discuss the medication when carers or family members in order for the ndividual to be given the correct medication. Doctors – the need for confidentiality:- Doctor and patient confidentiality is a key role that lets the system work successfully, patients go to their doctors as they can trust them with any information they give and doctors are under oath not to disclose this information unless the situation is necessary in which confident iality can be breached, these are only in very serious cases though such as if a patient was in harm from themselves, of others or to others, the doctor may the breach confidentiality to prevent such circumstances from taking place. P5: Explain safe practice in administration and storage of medicines. M3: Discuss how to ensure safe practice in the administration of medicines. D2: Evaluate the role of safe practice in the administration and storage of medicines in terms of outcomes to individuals. Obtaining consent of administration:- Mental capacity and informed consent:- if an individual whom has a stable mental capacity, is receiving medical treatment they will be asked to give there consent for the treatment, the professional whom is treating the individual will explain the treatment they are receiving, the risks and benefits to receiving the treatment and any other information that they feel the individual needs to know, once the individual has given consent the treatment can the go ahead. Use of independent advocate, family member, medical professional to assist in achieving informed consent:- In some situations individuals may have communication issues such as speaking a different language, consent is still needed so in these cases an interpreter will be invited to translate and achieve the informed consent. In other circumstances the individual may have full mental capacity put is unable to sign to give their consent, in these situation they may need a family member and a medical professional to witness the consent to go ahead with the treatment Situations where informed consent is not possible:- in some situation when individuals are receiving medical treatment they may not have the mental capacity to give fully informed consents for such treatment. For example if an individual is unconscious or in a coma they are therefore unable to respond to give their consent. Medical staff will be encouraged to try every way possible to achieve consent from the individual but in some cases this is impossible and treatment can be needed urgently, in these circumstances the next of kin would come to a formal agreement as to what is in the best interest for the individual, a step by step documentation will be put together for if and when the individual becomes conscious or aware so that they can see and understand what treatment has taken place without there knowledge. Preparation prior to administration:- Correct equipment:-during the administration of medication correct equipments needs to be used to make sure hygiene is up to its highest possible standard. Health workers should wear gloves when administering medication, if working in care home aprons may also be necessary. Medication should also be kept in nomad or blister packs so that the correct dosages are given to the correct people at the correct time. Equipment may also need storing, disposing or cleaning in correct ways, such as; medication should be stored in locked cupboards or fridges depending on what is necessary, equipment such as needles for injections need to be disposed of in a sharpie box and a date should be set for the sharpie box to be disposed of properly, medication such as nasal sprays, nebulisers and inhalers need to be clean correctly in order to maintain the standard of hygiene. Correct recording documents:-in every health care environment if medication is administered it must be documented, this is a legal requirement to prevent double dosing or individuals missing medication. For example if a carer came on her shift to a client who is in a lot of pain, she may give the client a strong dose of pain killers, if she does not document this the next carer to come on the shift may do the exact same thing without realising the client has already taken a does, this can potentially be fatal, for this reason it is essential for the administration of medication to be recorded. Administration of medicines:- Ensuring the correct medication, correct dose, correct person, correct time, correct route or correct method:- When medication is administered health care staff must ensure that the correct procedure is followed, this is done by insuring the following are correct; the medication, the dose, the individual the medication is given to, the time, the route of method the medication is given. It is critical that all the steps are followed to ensure no mistakes are made as they could be potentially fatal. Paitent hoice:-in some cases, clients have days in which they just do not want to take their medication, whether it being that they make them feel ill or they are just sick of taking them, this is the individuals own decision and this must be respected by health care workers. Service providers should try encourage individuals to take their medication and explain why they should be taken them, if this does not work the individual cannot be forced to take medicat ion, health care workers should document the fact the client hasn’t taken the medication so that others can keep a check up this. Recording, reporting and seeking advice:- What to record:- When medication is administered by a health care worker they should make sure the following is recorded and documented; what medication is given and the dosage given, whom the medication is given to, how it was given. This is to ensure the safety of the individual and also for such things as if the client needs to go to hospital the doctors can see a recording of what has being given. Comments and signature after each administration:-after medication has being administered to a client it is necessary that the service users sighs the records or documents to state that the client has taken them. If medication is refused the service user need to make a comment of this, not signature is necessary as long as it is stated that the medication has being refused. If there are any adverse responses after the client has taken the medication this should also be reported so that this can be monitored in the future. Reporting and seeking advice:- if medication is refused this should first of all be recorded and then reported to a doctor or senior member of staff depending in the job role the service provider is in. If the client has a reaction to the medication this should also be reported to a senior member of staff or doctor. If the side effects are quite server then a decision will be made as to whether to carry on the medication or not. Audit and storage of stock:- Ensuring medication is stored according to manufacturer’s instructions:- it is extremely important that medication is stored correctly, this is generally helped if medication is stored in a nomad or blister pack put sometimes this is not always the case. If medication is stored separately then they need to be clearly labelled with the name of the medication, whom it is for, the dosage to be taken, and the date it is to be used by, this is to ensure the individuals safety when giving the medication. Medication should also be stored in a secure and clean are so that it cannot be taken by anyone whom is not the person it is labelled to and to keep hygiene standards as high as possible. Medication also needs to be stored at different temperatures depending on what it is, for example insulin needs to be kept at a temperature below 25Â °C therefore in warmer times and when insulin is not needed urgently it should be stored in the fridge to keep it the correct temperature. Ensuring that the number of doses received, administered and remaining is recorded:- recording medication on its arrival to the premises is an important documentation, when medication arrives doses and amount of medication should be recorded, the recording of stock prevents and situations of stolen medication or any mistakes in dosage. Health care staff should also keep a recording as to what is left so that if medication begins to get low a new batch can be ordered before they run out. Checking records for accuracy:- the health care worker whom in charge of medication should ensure that checks are made regularly of the recording of the administration of medication. The check will ensure that there is no mistakes being made as this could be potentially fatal to clients and that there is a persistent high standard of care taking place in the administration of medication.

Sample Essays For IELTS

Sample Essays For IELTSYour lesson plan includes a sample essays for IELTS. This will be a perfect guide for you to get a detailed idea about the format and style of the essays. It will help you as a test writer and also help you to interpret your results.You will find samples in many lesson plans. In this case, you can choose one that you like most. But you need to know that there are also tips that can help you improve your answer.On IELTS, the language requirement is from two to four letters. The second part of the essay should be no more than five hundred words. You can use the samples essays for IELTS that have been organized and sent by different students.It is a very easy and fast way to pass the test. A large number of students are choosing the essay-writing for their exam preparation. They prefer writing essays. With an essay, they will be able to learn the basics of writing on the subject and also practice their writing skills.The sample essays for IELTS have the format and style similar to the other test writers. There are also several different styles. Therefore, the test writer needs to carefully study the examples and learn how to select the correct one. These sample essays also provide information on grammar, vocabulary, topic of the essay, and sentence structure.Writing essays for exams needs several elements. These elements include a correct article, sentence structure, topics, paragraphs, important data, and proofreading. These elements can not be found in an online free . It also provides you with a different opinion. Moreover, these samples are available free of charge.You can use it when writing about different topics. The essays are usually organized in groups or chapters. This gives you the freedom to create your own topics. Some of the topics of the essays include culture, religion, politics, technology, and history.However, you need to make sure that you read it carefully before you start writing. All the examples for IELTS contain very good explanations. The information is provided in easy to understand language. It is a perfect guide for the test writers.

Africa in an African Perspective

Africa in an African Perspective Ways in which Africa and Africans are represented by Africans Description of Africa in an African perspective can be as problematic in the same manner western representations are about Africa. The continent has been marred by political issues ranging from democracy, national elections, economic status and cultural practices from different corners of the continent. In Africa, political issues affect beyond political environment, economic and social aspects are also affected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Africa in an African Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been an increased case of corruption, which signifies a lack of accountability and ethical leadership within most African countries. Rising cases of political instability have led to problems such as widespread violence, change of leadership and embezzlement of aid funds. The problems of sub-Saharan Africa are further deepened by genocidal c onflicts, diseases, poverty and economic stagnation (Mengara, 2001). The film Motherland, which is African-owned cinema, represents the glory and majesty of Africa and at the same time calls for unity, self-determination and the rebirth of Africa. According to the film, Africans became black within the period they were being enslaved. Slavery was designed to disconnect the African from having any positive notion of their Motherland.  Languages used in describing parts of Africa like ‘sub-Saharan Africa’ are used with the intention of dividing and conquering the continent. According to the film, such terms have been used to confine Africans to corridors of make-believe locations without any political affiliations (African Union), ethnicity (Tuareg), and economic status (COMESA) and with historical and physical boundaries, by use of names such as Sudan and Mali. The same aspect is revealed through post-colonialism perspective in the Yeelen film (Mengara, 2001). African development presents an important factor in the many discussions about Africa and Africans. The rate of development within the continent has contributed to its positioning within the global politics. Such developments focus on technology, economic status, infrastructure, disease prevalence and socio-economic inequalities. Analysis of the conflicts in Africa or the reality behind political processes has become difficult since numerous factors are considered in the process of investigating causes of such conflicts. Based on African Renaissance movement, comprised of intellectual agencies, the real definition of Africa should be based on African creativity and knowledge on cultures.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This makes African identity a contested concept since there are multiple identities from various perspectives. There has been rising difficulty in conceptualiz ing the real identity since the discussions are based on factors such as; defining African identity in relation to the rest of the world, definition in relation to each other with many considerations on migration and xenophobia. How do these representations differ from those in the first section of the course? There is a raw synergy of films and history on the description of Africa as a continent and Africans. The first representation focused so much on the negative aspects of Africans, portraying them as the most violent race in the world. This is purely from a Racists perspective. The elaborate representation of black freedom and power struggles across political spectrum left everything on self-focused consumerism. The black-focused films from the white-man perspective are marred with violence while African focus on black films presents the rich history of the continent from cultural to economic aspects. The perspective from the second argument disputed the fact that post-colonial ism is all about the relationship between Africa and their former colonialists. Hence, the focus is on developing links based on unity and authentic African identity. Most of the representations by Africans within African films are based on post-colonialism which basically explores the connections between African cultures and their history of colonial exploitation. The oppressions from the colonial masters resulted into rebellion as portrayed by African-produced films. The overall analysis within these films seeks to explore the root of cultural and political forces affecting the continent amidst domination by western culture. Yeelen focuses on the rich African aspect based on modernity which provides great challenge on the former western perspective about Africa. All post-colonial descriptions on Africa reveal the unequal and uneven representations of the cultural forces within the political and social sectors. Hence the overall facts given in the description of Africa and Africans based on post-colonial perspective can be considered strategic and true representation of contemporary African culture. In the previous review, Africa is considered passive participant in overall world development. The continent is portrayed as the object of Western actions through colonialism while in the second perspective, in Yeelen, Xala and Touki-Bouki films, Africa is considered an active participant in contributing towards their own history (Murphy, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Africa in an African Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the whole concept on wars in films can be traced back to the fact that western citizens, especially American citizens, had full obligation of arming themselves for the purposes of protecting families and their nation from foreign encroachments as well as domestic tyrants. This is contrary to forms of military organization where professionally trained soldiers and officers are established and isolated from the society for the purposes of protecting entire nation. The whole perspective was injected into the African culture during colonialism. However, the idea of allowing citizen-soldier establishment enabled direct involvement of the people’s will power in the preservation of liberties and rights within the society like in the case of Mau Mau. Impact of these representations on personal view of Africa and Africans From the perspective of the films, descriptions on Africa differ based on the region from which the description is made. Western perspective portrays Africa as a continent marred with inadequacies and violence. Africans represent race confronted with daunting ironies which can be traced back from unsettled paradigm shifts. Even after decolonization, the now independent Africa still wallow in poor economic performance. However, there is profound dignity and richness within the African continent. This can be realiz ed from the continent’s rich natural resource base. Statistics reveal that Africa alone produces 46% of world’s chromium, 48% diamonds and 29% gold. The continent is portrayed as one with elaborate problems ranging from poor infrastructure, instability within governments, diseases and corruption. Africans are also portrayed as those over-relying on resources, since they focus on simple sale of natural resources instead of providing value-added services. This has made most of the countries within the continent to largely depend on aid from foreign countries. They are portrayed as those with inability to create and restructure conditions for the benefit of the natives. Most of the films associate Africans with ghetto streets depicting where they focus their real lives (Murphy, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Africans have their rich practices such as circumcision which existed even before colonialism. However, the rich ethnic diversities the continent enjoys presents lots of threat since each ethnic background and country seems to hostile towards each other based on focus towards leadership and resource ownership. There is lack of brotherhood amongst Africans owing to conflicts based on selfish ambitions towards wealth. This has made it difficult the forging of a United States of Africa (Murphy, 2000). References Mengara, D. (2001). Introduction: White Eyes, Dark Reflections in Images of Africa:  Stereotypes and Realities. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. Murphy, D. (2000). African Filming Africa: questioning Theories of an Authentic African Cinema. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 13 (2), 239-249.

Symposium by Plato Essays

Symposium by Plato Essays Symposium by Plato Essay Symposium by Plato Essay Essay Topic: Phaedrus Symposium By Plato Plato fully expressed his craft when he wrote one of his most renowned works, the Symposium. The speeches are characterized by highly commendable experiences with a mixture of comic relief and intellectual depth. The setting of the discourses delivery is at the banquet of Agathon where the elite guests include Socrates, Aristophanes, and Alcibiades. It was agreed that the evening of merry-making be spent in praise of love and investigating its nature. Each of them offered their thoughts on the matter, and as personality and consensus clash, the dialogue comes to its highlight, where the climax is ushered with the storming of drama of ideas. When we turn our attention to the speech of Phaedrus, the texts foreground an aspect of Love as a being. Phaedrus affirms that Love is a mighty god and that Love is the eldest of the gods. He further avers that the best incentive to virtue is an honorable love, a love that has dared man to do transcend the impossible, to test the limits of life, and to challenge the powers of heavens, all for the sake of their beloved. Phaedrus elaborated that man will do anything for the sake of love. He told the story of Alcestis, who exchanged her life for her husbands. The tenderness and true love for her beloved spouse. The story of Orpheus also exemplified the tenacity of passionate love within a persons heart. Unlike Alcestis, Orpheus did not face death but instead he descended into the underworld and rescued his Eurydice. Another plausible example is that of Achilles and Patroclus. Eventhough Achilles is aware that he will die in war against the Trojans, he chose to do so in order to avenge the death of his beloved Patroclus. The speech of Phaedrus affirms reasons that Love is the eldest and noblest of the gods, giving and providing virtues and happiness in life. Pausanias negates the idea of Phaedrus and asserted that there are two kinds of Love, the spiritual love and the common love. He says that common love is not bias, it depends on the manner of performance or actions. When love is done for the benefit of those concerned, then it is good, but if it is done for the opposite purpose, only then that love becomes evil. On that context, only love which has a selfless purpose is worthy of praise. On the other hand, spiritual love is the love of the soul, which endures any form of pain and is not blinded by the physical appearance of things. Pausanias continues further through his assertion that the higher love is of the male. Those who belong to the masculine gender are regarded to have a superior nature especially in terms of intelligence, strength, and spirit. In addition to that, when one displays the affection, it is more honorable than when it is concealed. Custom allows those people who are in love to do strange things. Eryximachus also has a different stand on the issue. He provides answers about love in terms of the principles of medicine. Eryximachus supplies the deficiency in Pausaniass speech by proclaiming that love is not an affection of the soul of man towards the beautiful but to anything that the earth possesses.. the harmony of the true and false love may be found in men, animals and the whole province of divination. For him, medicine is the knowledge of love and the needs and wants of the physical being. Aristophanes follows the discussion. For him, man has not understood the power of love. He says that human nature is composed of man, woman, and the union of the two. Zeus cut man in two to diminish their strength and increase thir number. The two halves then wander about longing and seeking after one another. Men are a section of a double nature and they are dependent from which they were severed. Following him is Agathon, the host of the celebration. He comments that the other speakers are not praising or unfolding the nature of love but congratulates mankind for the benefits that love has given them. He states that the god love should be praised in his own account only and not for what he offers mankind. Moreover, he defies the statement of Phaedrus that love is not old but young and tender. the audience appreciate the words and thinks that he is worthy of himself and of the god. The most interesting part of the conversation is the turn of Socrates. At first, he excuses himself from speaking but eventually he professes his side on matter. He congratulates Agathon in his proposition of presenting the first the nature of Love and then of his works. He states that love is consist of something and wants something that he does not have for himself. Love in its nature is beautiful and it seeks beauty in the goodness of the heart. Love is a great spirit that acts as a medium between gods and men. Alcibiades then, rescues the evening from being solemn, in his drunkenness. He indirectly implies that Agathon is the beloved of Socrates. because of this, Socrates aids the protection of Agathon from the violent Alcibiades. Socrates would have changed him only if the love of popularity in him is not strong. Beyond this humor of characterization of Socrates brings the connection that Socrates speaks the truth. Alcibiades seems incapable of deviating the look of desire of those with whom he comes into contact, although it still fails to bring out from them tangible reactions of sexual interest. His desire finds a ready statement in Socrates qualities. On the other hand, Socrates is only mindful of the improvement of the soul that underlies both his interest in young men and his moderate drinking. Socrates and Alcibiades agree with the different aspects of the human personality. Both suggest that beauty, in its physical and spiritual indication, is difficult to define and can only be most appreciated in the milieu of a private relationship. Beauty should be viewed absolutely and not relatively. In Socratess view, love leads to the perfection of man. The reason is that it unites man with others. In the light of openness and self-giving, the â€Å"I and the â€Å"You† commune and becomes one. Furthermore, man transcends self, selfishness, isolation and despair, and finds happiness in his interpersonal relationships with others. Mans capacity for love appears to be infinite since it cannot find rest in any finite good. Unless his will is without purpose, eventhough it is the goal of it, then God must exist as the infinite and absolute good sought after by that will. Aside from the drama that arise in the context of Love, different kinds of love are also presented to praise, define and illustrate. Various manners of presentation in which the speeches were delivered included Alciabiadess humorously indecent language and unrequited lust for Socrates, Agathons lofty sentiments, Eryximachuss cold restraint and analytical distance, and Socratess confession of ignorance. Plato knows the manifestation of all the characters love. Their topic in the symposium is a reflection of the significant experiences of the persons doing the dialogue. It is about their love concealed as stories of love itself. For Phaedrus and Pausanius- true love, for Eryximachus- beloved craft, Aristophanes-comedy, agathon-lofty tones of tragedy, Alcibiades-to please the crowd, Socrates-talking philosophy. In this dialogue, the different facets of love were encompassed and were discussed in such an intense and passionate discourse. Different stories mirrored the degrees and forms of love experienced by human regardless of race, of religion, and of gender. References Kaplan, Justin D. (Ed. ). (1950). Dialogues of Plato. New York: Washington Square Press.

Statistical control in reverse logistics Research Paper

Statistical control in reverse logistics - Research Paper Example It is a common phenomenon especially in the motor industry. For instance in 2009, General Motors recalled approximately one million vehicles from showrooms and consumers due to defects in their braking system. Statistical control plays a role in reverse logistics by ensuring process of recalling goods back to a manufacturer is conducted quantitatively to avoid financial losses to a manufacturer. Several parameters are considered before reverse logistics can be actualized, statistical control serve to moderate the said parameters to ensure that the process is conducted in a controlled manner that will be to the advantage of the organization financially. Some group view reverse logistics as an important aspect of the supply chain while other do not. Statistical control applies its measure in the situation by depicting the advantages that will be gained by successfully implementing reverse control for instance if a company is responsible for all its inventory returns chances are it will retain consumer loyalty and at the same time protect the brand of the product in question. Conversely, whenever decisions are being made on whether to return a product or not various considerations should be explored before a final decision can be done. Statistical control is applied to provide the analysis of the trade-off thus making informed decision concerning reverse logistics (Keller, 201 1). Before an organization can make, a decision on reverse logistics various considerations have to be explored to ensure the decision is viable financially to the firm at the same time it is also beneficial to the customers (Dyckhoff, Fandel and Reese, 2004). Whenever a product is being recalled it is, of course, not in its original condition, it may be worn out or damaged. Reverse logistics will be viable to a product of high quality, since the cost of transporting the product back to the manufacturer can be met