Short answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Short answer - Assignment Example Persons living by this sect would always question everything as either virtuous or a vice. The most important life value would be love according to Shiva sect. King argues that religion and culture contribute a role of bringing into line ethical standards with certainties of contemporary world. According to King, religion and culture are distinct concepts but culture imparts religion. Orthopraxy pleases God more. A true believer trusts that God envisages moral behavior and not just moral thinking. Moreover, action is louder than belief and God observes the former more. Orthopraxy Christians would hence be closer to God. Jewish history discusses culture and religion of Jews. It also narrates their interaction with other religions and cultures such as relations between Israelites and Babylonians. On the contrary, sacred history narrates historical books and partly those of New Testament and does not relate, in meaning, to other religions. Comparison of Judaism to Christianity is most preferable. Both originates from biblical contest of historic books of the bible but Christianity focuses more on life after Christ contrary to Judaism which is based on Jewish

Religious and Thnic Groups Paper Essay Example for Free

Religious and Thnic Groups Paper Essay I picked Buddhism as my religious group. I am a Christian so this is interesting to me because if would have stayed in Thailand, Buddhism would be the religion that I would have learned and believed in. Buddhism is a very unique religion and it differs from all other religion out there. They do not believe in a God. Tak stated, â€Å"We dont believe in a god because we believe in man. We believe that each human being is precious and important, that all have the potential to develop into a Buddha a perfected human being. We believe that human beings can outgrow ignorance and irrationality and see things as they really are. We believe that hatred, anger, spite and jealousy can be replaced by love, patience, generosity and kindness. We believe that all this is within the grasp of each person if they make the effort, guided and supported by fellow Buddhists and inspired by the example of the Buddha. As the Buddha says: No one saves us but ourselves, No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path, But Buddhas clearly show the way† (2011) The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism teach that life is a suffering, there is a cause of this suffering, it is possible to put an end to this suffering and the Noble Eightfold Path is the means to end this suffering. Refuge in Three Jewels is the three components of Buddhism which protect a person from the unstable world as he progresses on the path to become a Buddhist. The Five Precepts lay down the moral conduct to make human world a better place to live. These precepts prevent Buddhists from indulging in deeds that restrict spiritual growth and cause harm to others. The Three Marks of Conditioned Existence explain that everything in this world is impermanent, without substance and full of suffering. They do not have a ten commandments, no judgment day, no creation myth, no prayers for help or intervention, and let’s people find their own path though life. There are no rewards or punishments on judgment day like others. Buddhism is strictly not a religion in the context of being a faith and worship owing allegiance to a supernatural being. Buddhism has been looked upon as opposite teaching from other and this makes Buddhism have a negative experience even though they feel that it is okay and that hateful things can not cut through their skin. This is what my brother had to say about his experience with others in different religion, a member on Yahoo commented â€Å"I have experienced hate form other who dont believe in what I believe in. And for the simple fact that I dont worship their god. People have been afraid and confused and its sad that people are this way. Well people telling me that Im going to burn in hell is just one example. Mostly I get people coming up to talk to me and I get the whole, so are you a good Christian girl thing, which makes me want to puke, and I say no Im Pagan. And most people dont even know what that means, but typically they stop talking and walk away. †( Philosoraptor, 2012) Buddhism has contributed little at a time and over time. Today we use meditation as a relaxation and even as a type of medicine. It is like yoga, has the same affect on the mind, body, and soul. The growth with Buddhism is even reaching different races, like for example Whites. Amanda Rivera said, â€Å"I think the appeal comes from the fact that the Lotus Sutra emphasizes the absolute equality of all people to be able to attain buddhahood, to attain their enlightenment. The sources of prejudice and discrimination with any religious group is that people do not know and understand the group and which fear and hate starts to set in. It is the people’s ignorance that causes the negative feelings and actions. When we talk about prejudice and discrimination a fine example would be two years ago in Kansas. The Lao-Buddhist Association [Wat Lao Buddhasampham] is trying to move its Olathe temple to a location along 119th Street in Olathe. But the Johnson County Board of Commissioners has so far denied the group a conditional use permit. Neighbors say that the area the Buddhists have chosen is zoned residential, but Lama Chuck Stanford of the Rime Buddhist Center says that discrimination is the real reason behind the opposition. â€Å"This is clearly just ugliness of ethnic and religious prejudice,† said Stanford. [†¦] Standord notes that Christian churches are common in residential areas, and that comments made by residents during a January zoning board meeting indicate fear and ignorance. At the meeting, people raised concerns about traffic, water pollution and â€Å"animal sacrifices,† along with noise from gongs, which Stanford says are no louder than church bells. Another example On Sept. 13, 2011 the U. S. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the city of Walnut in Southern California because the city did not allow Chung Tai Buddhist Group, originally from Taiwan, to build a worship and meditation center. The Department of Justice accused the city government of violating federal law, which states that religious groups have the same rights to use land as other building applicants, and of discriminating against the Buddhist group. The sources of prejudice and discrimination with any religious group is that people do not know and understand the group and which fear and hate starts to set in. It is the people’s ignorance that causes the negative feelings and actions in which then problems and issues occur instead of accepting that people are different and unique. I have been neutral with Buddhism but my brother believes in it. I do not judge him and I try to think critically if I speak but after doing the research I have a new understanding of my ethic religion of my biological parents. The main important thing I have learned is not asking which religion is better but what is different from what I believe in and what they believe in because that is when you can see how others think and view beliefs. Taking a look at ethnic group of Pacific Islander are different from others in the aspect that the Pacific Islanders live a very social lifestyle, in which family members, both immediate and extended, work together in a solidified community. Pacific Islanders often have difficulty balancing their traditional laid-back attitudes with the high pressure competitive demands of American pedagogy and marketplace economy. Pacific Islanders cultures follow customs and traditions based on ancient principles that promote living an honorable and noble lifestyle. Embedded deeply into the Polynesian culture are music, dance, and food. Traditional storytelling, music, and dance are ancient ways of passing down history from one generation to another. Thus teachers with students who are Pacific Islanders may want to use both written and oral instruction, particularly in areas of literacy. Pacific Islanders are in fact highly developed peoples. Our ancestors survived for centuries in remote and isolated communities having devised their own means of dealing with the elements and of maintaining social order. In the process of what is known as development, however, Islanders wrestle daily with individual demands in a market-driven world, while our consciousness continues to be haunted by a pervasive sense of our collective identity (Wickham). The main thing with interaction with other groups is that Pacific Islander are more laid back and they tend to not be up to par with the other social groups. This makes them to be â€Å"dumb† and â€Å"no gas in the think tank. † Pacific Islander has been a huge contribution to American culture in fields as varied as the arts, health care, business and military service, Asian Pacific Americans are central to our quality of life. Month of May has been declared Asian Pacific American Heritage Month which celebrates all of those that have entered into the United States and help to develop where we are today as one. Prejudice and discrimination is part of history with Pacific Islander in the past. Taiwanese-American Wen Ho Lee, for example, was targeted by the U. S. government and suspected of espionage because of his ethnicity, according to many in the Asian/Pacific Islander community. In May, U. S. Rep. David Wu, an Oregon Democrat, was detained entering the Department of Energy building in Washington, D. C. , and repeatedly asked if he was an American citizen. July, 2009 in Seattle, a group of Asian-American youths, stopped by police for jaywalking, claimed they were harassed by an officer who repeatedly asked if they spoke English and allegedly remarked, Ive been to your country before, when I was in the Army. These types of prejudice and discrimination are all appearance wise and nothing more. The pure ignorance is the source for all these actions. The research was harder to do on Pacific Islander due to the fact of less records and information like other groups. The more I read the same information was being presented. I started to research other groups and I was able to find so much more information. So yes it did help me to understand them better but not to the point of really understanding them because of lack of information and data on them. Prejudice and discrimination on the two groups were similar because both of them were looked upon as physical appearance and judge by looks instead of getting to know the two and understand the two. They both been looked at as different and odd. In the beginning of the two in America they both been push around and forced into doing things that were not right at all. Harassment and anger seems to fill hate towards the two. They are different in ways of the one is being discriminated because of a practice and the other is a human being. There is not much to be different other than that. Discrimination and prejudice looks the same, acts the same, and smells the same. Not much difference because it is all out of uneducated assumptions, anger, hatred, and intolerance. References Philosoraptor, M. (2012). Yahoo! Answers. Retrieved from http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20120229093706AAHWC2Q Swee, T. (2013). Buddhism-Major Differences. Retrieved from http://www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/snapshot01. htm Tak, Y. (2011). Comparing Buddhism With Other Religions. Retrieved from http://wfcs. buddhistdoor. com/OldWeb/passissue/9612/sources/comp. htm Rivera, A. (2011). Why Is American Buddhism So White. Retrieved from http://www. thebuddhadharma. com/web-archive/2011/11/9/forum-why-is-american-buddhism-so-white. html Wickham, A. WACC. Retrieved from http://www. waccglobal. org/en/19973-indigenous-communications/929-Hidden-perspectives-on-CommunicationCulture-in-the-Pacific-Islands-. html.

Arbitration Clauses and Litigation :: Business Law Essays

Arbitration Clauses and Litigation More and more companies are including arbitrational clauses in their contracts. Whether it is in an employee application or an online selling website, arbitrational clauses are becoming abundant. But do these clauses hold up in the legal system? In the recent Paypal Corporation case, the arbitration clause was not enforced due to miniscule details such as clicking a mouse. The overruling of these clauses is becoming the norm as people are beginning to realize what they have gotten themselves into. The same type of arbitrational clause dispute as the Paypal Corporation occurred in the case of BellSouth Mobility LLC v. Christopher. BellSouth institutionalized an arbitrational clause in its service agreement that states that â€Å"instead of suing in court, company and customer agree to arbitrate any and all dispute†. In the event that the disagreement goes through arbitration, the arbitrator can not give punitive damages to the plaintiff as well as only receive a limited amount of recovery money. When Christopher brought the case before an appellate court, the court sided in his favor claiming that the contract was â€Å"substantively unconscionable† due to the fact that BellSouth still had the right to bring Christopher to court over different legal matters, giving them an â€Å"unfair advantage.† The case continued to go to trial court to see if the contract was â€Å"procedurally unconscionable† because of the small print of the arb itrational clause. Because Christopher was not fully forewarned about the arbitrational clause, and the fact that BellSouth took advantage of a client, BellSouth was found guilty (Hackbarth). A similar situation occurs in the case of Toppings v. Meritech Mortgage Services (MMS). An elderly couple, Margaret and Roger Toppings received a loan from Meritech Mortgage Services for thirty-seven thousand dollars with a monthly payment plan which would last for fifteen years, along with thirty-six thousand dollars in interest. Before signing the loan, the couple asked for the document to be explained. At the time, the MMS lawyer was not coherent with the document but told the couple to read it at home after signing the document. Upon reading the contract, the Toppings came across the amount to be repaid in interest and tried to bring MSS to court for trying to take advantage of the elderly.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Essay

In the first half of the poem ‘On the Grasshopper and Cricket’ Keats talks about the opulence of the summer season and deals with summer imagery and the grasshopper, similarly the second half is about the dullness of the winter season and deals with the cricket. â€Å" How does Keats explore Romantic Ideals in his poem On the Grasshopper and Cricket†? The poem is structurally similar to a sonnet because it has 14 lines, it can be divided into an octet and sestet and it is written in iambic pentameter. The poem has a definite rhyme scheme of abbabba cdecde. This use of form brings out the cyclic, eternal and perpetual life of nature. The use of imagery is unmistakably showing us the reverence for the natural world. Imagery is shown in the Octet summer afternoon as the hot sun, cooling trees, hedge and New-mown mead meaning meadow. In the Sestet winter evening its shown as lone winter evening, frost, stove and silence. This creates contrast from the pleasant and active mood, and lively environment created by the words ‘delights’ and ‘fun’ to the dismal and melancholy mood, and slow and peaceful environment created by ‘silence’ and ‘drowsiness’. ‘The poetry of earth is never dead’, this is the opening line of the poem. Reflecting the poet’s belief that the beauty of nature never ends and that the beauty of nature is an art form and it will never cease to exist. The Grasshopper portrays the enjoyment of summer that everyone partakes during this season. This is shown in line 7. ‘He has never done with his delights’. The assonance of the extended vowel sounds in ‘the new-mown mead’ reflects the environment of summer; this is contrasted with the harsh vowel sounds of ‘wrought a silence’ in winter, which shows how harsh winter is. Even though there is contrast between the summer and winter seasons, they are two separate beauties-summer being gentle and relaxing beauty, whereas winter is harsh and cold, yet still enchanting. Keats has explored Romantic Ideals in his poem through reverence for the natural world. The delineation was created through the use of contrast, assonance, imagery and rhyme. Using two characters such as the Grasshopper and the Cricket to visually impact the audience with thec impact nature has on us. The earth is beautiful and always will be.

Benefit of Telemedicine

Nowadays, telemedicine, which is defined as using of telecommunication technology to provide clinical care to individuals at distant sites and the transmission of medical and surgical information and images needed to provide that care (Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009), has become a powerful tool in the world to enhance better health care due to widespread of modern technology. In developing countries, remote areas seem to be isolated and lack of qualified doctors or physicians as well as equipments, that’s why telemedicine will be provided a potential benefits to them. This essay will highlight prodigious benefits of telemedicine. The most important advantages of telemedicine is allowing long-distant people to access advanced healthcare services and cost efficiencies. Scottish Centre for Telehealth had claimed that 99 percent of patients were more convenience with remote care and 95 percent of them widely felt acceptable with services (Jose, 2009, Internet). It also added that it can provided physicians and long distance patients interact in a clinical consultation. For example, the indigenous people who live in Ratanakiri 2004 had health problems because they rarely got treatment and often die due to lack of medical facilities and doctors. However, telemedicine nowadays can help them to receive conventional healthcare services and offer the possibility to consult with professional doctors over video link. Also, at the health centre needs nurses to conduct medical checkup by interviewing, examination and taking photographs and then send all these information via solar powered computer to physicians at Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope in Phnom Penh or partners in Massachusetts to confirm diagnosis, recommend drugs and treatment procedure to the clinic (Hopebuilding Wiki, 2011, Internet). Furthermore, patients no longer need to travel long distance for healthcare because they not only can access these services in their communities but also gain effective treatment with accurate diagnosis of their illness. Therefore, healthcare cost could significantly decrease due to deducing travel expense, accommodation and hospital services fee (Sharma, 2000. 1529). More notably, over long term period, telemedicine can save billions of dollars for healthcare services (Premiere Telemedicine, 2008, Internet). Secondly, telemedicine provides a great opportunity to improve medical knowledge and practices. It is designed to help local healthcare practitioners and physicians broaden their knowledge and they can be trained and guided by local and international specialists to practice in the real work. In Cambodia, 2 telemedicine clinic projects in Robib village and Ratanakiri Referral Hospital were cooperated not only with Harvard associated medical doctors and Sihanouk Hospital Centre of Hope but also partner in Massachusetts. If medical staffs or doctors face difficulties whether in dealing with health problems or cannot confirm diagnosis of patient’s illness, they can access through email based telemedicine program to discuss with expertise or physicians (Heinzelman, 2011, Internet). In addition, India’s telemedicine also provides an opportunity to doctors to build up their education and skill through interaction with expert via satellite based tele-link and linking with Medical Institution with Specialty Hospitals and Research Centres (ISRO, 2005, Internet). As a result, medical staffs can dramatically improve their education and training through the telemedicine process. The last but not least, telemedicine enables home healthcare services. Patients can recently be inspected through mobile phone, Bluetooth wireless sensors and other hi-tech systems to check their health condition, upload and update data to their doctors. Consequently, these devices can be helped patients who are old or have some diseases such as cardiac disorders as well as diabetes to receive self routine check-up and especially they need to visit clinic only in emergency case or absolutely necessary. For instant, according to Honeywell, an American industrial giant, doctors can monitor and manage health condition of patients who have lung diseases and heart problems by measuring peak lung flow, ECG, oxygen saturation and blood pressure. Thus, they can analyze the data to find some problems or changing dose of medication (Harben et al, 2008). In conclusion, there are tremendous positive aspects of telemedicine such as enhancing health care services to rural areas or isolated areas, cost efficiencies, improving medical knowledge and practices as well as providing home healthcare. In my personality, I absolutely agree with positive aspects of telemedicine. Even though it needs to spend much money to establish this service initially, it will provide a huge long-term benefits to our country.

Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Essay Example

Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Essay Example Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Paper Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Paper Implication of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Motorola industry Total Quality Management: Motorola Quality System Review or QSR Introduction Total quality management is considered as a management approach that was first used during the 1950’s and has become popular during the early of 1980’s. Total quality is considered as a total description of the  culture, attitude as well as the organization of the company that is in focus of providing their customers with their  productsor services that will meet the demands and preferences of their customers. Furthermore, the  culture  requires quality in all aspects of the company’s operations, with the different processes that are being done right the first time and defects as well as the waste eradicated from the different operations (Hashmi 2008). TQM is a method that is used where in the management as well as the employees are all involved in their continuous improvement of the production of goods as well as services. It can also be considered as the combination of quality as well as the different  management tools  that focus at the increasing the growth of the business as well as reducing the losses that was caused by different unimportant or useless practices (Hashmi 2008). Motorola is only one of many companies that apply the principle of TQM in their organizational  culture. Motorola Inc focuses on their sales victory in  the global  market in the industry of electronic  components  as well as equipment. The company is doing it by improving the quality of their  products  by improving their productivity and overall performance (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). During 1981, the company had launched their ambitious project that drives for a tenfold of improvement in the quality of their  products  as well as their services. The said project had been successful; the evidence is that most of the  products  of the company are considered as number one or the best in their class. The company is still striving for the best and looking forward to target their goal of  Zero defects in everything we do  (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). With accordance to the said project, the managers of the said company are also literally carrying the corporate objective of the company and that is the total  customer  satisfaction. They are wearing a pocket that has a  printed  card that states the said objective. Furthermore, those upper management officials are also open in serving their customers by wearing pagers in order for them to be available to their customers. Furthermore, they are also visiting the different businesses of their customers in order to conduct a  survey that  will let the company know about their customers’ likes as well as dislikes towards their  products  (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). Above all, the company is also implementing a system that handles the information and data that have been gathered using the all-embracing network of the  customer  surveys, complaint hotlines, filed audits as well as other significant measures about the feedback of the customers, together with the guidelines in planning for the quality improvement and development of the  product  (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). Quality-Assessment Systems In order to evaluate as well as improve the quality-system maturity of any organization, there are many quality-assessment systems, quality-audit systems as well as international, local as well as military standards that vary in level of scope, depth and the purpose (Craig 1996, p. 730). Maturity models are commonly a subset of an assessment system that is designed in order to assist as well as to test for the maturity of a specific element that is included in quality model. If you are going to look at the element-by-element basis, the approach of the organization to an element that is being reviewed for the strategic linkage, depth as well as the appropriateness of the application. On the other hand, the deployment is being reviewed in order to determine the scope in which the approach is being implemented; the results will again be reviewed with relation to the appropriate benchmarks as well as the rates of improvement (Craig 1996, p. 730). In order to do the quality-assessment systems, an organization that will be assessed is consulted in ahead of time. The said organization will be given a chance in order to  input  into the process. When the said event happens, the organization that is about to be reviewed will request for the request of comprehensive lists of different strengths, together with the opportunities for the improvement that serves as the outputs from the different processes. Eventually, a reasonable amount of learning will be taken place throughout the process of assessment (Craig 1996, p. 30). Once the assessment has been done, an important opportunity for the training department to review the output of the assessment as well as to put up a strategy for training and improvement plan (Craig 1996, p. 730). Motorola Quality System Review or QSR The quality system review or QSR is part of the total  quality management program  of Motorola. It serve as an assessment vehicle where in the corporation e valuates the continuing health of the quality system in each of the major business unit as well as suppliers of the company. The main focus of the said program is to identify the image of the how the business should be conducted. Furthermore, it also focus on the setting the common goal of perfection that help to provide an awareness of the quality-system requirements across the whole organization (Craig 1996, p. 730p. 730). Above all, the said project is a method that is used in order to give opportunity for the cross-fertilization of different ideas as well as serve to a routinely refocus of the organization to the quality of their  product  (Craig 1996, p. 30p. 730). The main method that is used in the said project is a formally documented QSR form for assessment, together with the procedures review. The review team handles the entire project that reflects the macro view of the different  subjects  from the different business unit as well as suppliers (Craig 1996, p. 730p. 730). It is considered as a formal survey where in the  customer  evaluates the continuing health of the supplierâ€℠¢s quality system. It is intended to lead to continuous improvement as well as to assure that the quality system of the supplier is effective in order to achieve the total satisfaction of the customers. The main purpose of the QSR of Motorola is to assess and therefore, compare the quality system of the supplier to the ideal system. Furthermore, the process of reviewing the quality subsystem can help the company to know more about their strengths, weaknesses as well as the opportunities that will open for the improvement (Weinstein Johnson 1999, p. 218). The QSR is designed in order to assess the quality of the efforts that are being exerted by every division (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). Quality System Review and Organizational Change In order for the company to deal with the project of the Total Quality Management or the TQM, reorganization is a must. The company had been able to recreate their organizational structure based on the plan of the TQM, and that is to connect all of the stakeholders of the company from the upper level management up to the lower level management, together with the customers as well as the suppliers. The upper level management of the company had been able to implement several quality trainings in order to make sure that the negative effects that will be encountered by the company during the change will be prevented. Table 1 shows the quality training of the managers of the company with accordance to the implementation of the project of quality system review. Table 1 Quality Training Senior Executives |Basic awareness |Strategic quality |Conducting quality |Motivating teams |Correlating results | | | |planning |reviews | | | |Middle Managers |Basic awareness |Conducting |Effective action |Implementing solutions |Managing quality | | | |self-assessment |planning | |improvement | |Manufacturing Associates |Basic awareness |Quality tool training |Interpreting data |Team problem solving |Implement solutions | |Administrative and |Basic awareness |Quality tool training |Interpreting data |Team problem solving |Implement solutions | |Support | | | | | | In order for the company to imple ment their project of application their internal quality management, they had been able to train the different upper level management or those managers who belongs to the upper position. The said process has been done in order to make sure that they know the different strategies and plan that must be done in order to follow the general protocol or standard of the company in terms of quality control with accordance to their total quality management. The primary reason of the company about the application of their own internal Quality System Review is to survive during their time. It is due to the fact that during the said time, the company had struggle from their competitor due to the fact that the quality of their products are not that high. That is the reason why the company decided to focus on meeting the needs and demands of their customers with regards to the reliability as well as the usability of their products (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). That is why the company had decided to increase their participation in the process of goal-setting as well as the increase in the involvement in the process of improving the culture of the quality in the organization as a whole (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233) Quality System Review and Management In order for the company to implement their Total Quality Management as well as to prevent the negative impact of change in the mentality as well as performance of the employees towards the company. The QSR have been implemented. The QSR had helped the company to connect to their employees in order to make sure that they are being understood as well as being followed by the employees. Furthermore, the said project enables the company to promote unity as well as teamwork inside the company. In addition to that, the said project also enables the company to promote initiative inside the company (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The management of the company had decided to create their scoring system in order to evaluate the performance of a specific department. For instance, a category can examine the quality of management systems. On the other hand, one sub-category under the said title will be concerned with the extent that the management solicits, accepts as well as rewards feedback from the work force itself (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). The scoring for the said element varies from poor meaning there is no system that exists for the solicitation of different ideas from the employees up to the outstanding, meaning, the individual or the group that is being assessed is practicing team unity and following the general standard of the company (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). The fact that the company had implemented the scoring approach, it had served as a driver for motivation due to the fact that having or garnering the rate of outstanding will serve as an ego-booster for the employees. That is the reason why they are striving and working at their best. The said project had helped to distribute good ides to the other parts of the organization as well as serve as an aid in the creative and empowering processes (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 234). That is why most of the employees are empowered in order to improve the different processes, transactions, services as well as administrative quality and they are active and involved in the quality improvement teams (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). Furthermore, the management of the company also provides different active leadership of the employees by letting them participate in the process of the continuous improvement (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). The main advantage of the management of the company is that it had been able to relate the goal setting to the effort of the employees or the forces of each individual from each and every unit, in order for them to be involved in the goal-setting and decision-making process (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). Conclusion The overall and continuous implementation of the Total Quality Management and Quality System Review of Motorola can be said that had been successful. That is due to the fact that the company had become one of the most successful companies in the world who applied the principle of TQM as well as one of the most awarded companies when it comes to their implementation of the QSR. Another important thing is that the customers of the company are satisfied about the products as well as the services that they are offering. That is why the company had become one of the most trusted brands worldwide. The company had been able to monitor the activities as well as the performance of its different stakeholders such as the suppliers. The suppliers are important because they are the one that provide the different important hardware as well as software that will help the company to produce and manufacture their product and sell it to market. The company is using its own Quality System Reviews towards their suppliers in order to assess the quality system of their suppliers every two years. They are being scored based on the items or subjects about the control over the processes as well as their ability to develop new products (United States General Accounting Office n. d. , p. 3). The said method or approach had helped the company to monitor the individual performance of its different business units, groups as well as the performance of an individual that helped to properly monitor the whole processes of the company that reflect to their performance. In terms of management, the company had been able to handle the different effects or impact of organizational change towards the motivation as wells as performance of their employees. The company also had enable to reconstruct or reorganize the physical and power structure of the company, in order for them to perform with accordance to the plan of initiative or team work. Another important aspect that had been showed by the company is the clearness of their communication process and communication activities throughout the implementation of the project as well as the maintenance process or stage of the company. The upper level management had been able to communicate well within their level as well as communicate and reach out to the lower management. The planning and controlling phase of the said project had been implemented and deployed properly due to the fact that their have been many programs and activities that had been done such as mentoring and coaching. The said two practices are considered as two of the most important approach or method that can be used in the project management in order to lessen as well as prevent the bad or negative impact of the change to the mentality and performance of the employees. The said planning and controlling process of the company had been able to prevent the refusal to change of the employees by letting them know the real reason behind the project as well as it’s positive impact to them as well as to the overall performance of the company. References: Cooper, G Locke, E 2000,  Industrial and Organizational Psychology,  Blackwell Publishing Craig, R (ed. ) 1996,  The ASTD Training and Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development,  4th  edn. McGraw-Hill Professional Haynes, M 2002,  Project Management: Practical Tools for Success,  Thomson Crisp Learning Hashmi, K 2008,  Introduction and Implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM),  iSixSigma, viewed 16 April 2008, Heerkens, G 2001,  Project Management,  McGraw-Hill Professional Lewis, J 2002,  Fundamentals of Project Management: Developing Core Competencies to Help Outperform the Competition,  2nd  edn. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award 1988 Winner Motorola Inc. 2002, Balbridge National Quality Program, viewed 16 April 2008, Meredith, J Mantel, S 2005,  Project Management: A Managerial Approach,  John Wiley United States General Accounting Office,  Best Practices Commercial Quality Assurance,  DIANE Publishing Weinstein, Q Johnson, W 1999,  Designing and Delivering Superior Customer Value: Concepts, Cases and Applications,  CRC Press Read more:  http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2010/04/total-quality-management-motorola-quality-system-review-or-qsr. html#ixzz1fl9om22k

The Working Roles of Animals Essays

The Working Roles of Animals Essays The Working Roles of Animals Essay The Working Roles of Animals Essay Animals in the media Animals have been used in the media for many years as they catch the eye of the viewer. Animals which are used in advertisements usually don’t have any or much relevance to the products being advertised. An example of this is the adverts for Dulux Paint, which uses an Old English Sheep dog in their adverts. They have used this breed of dog in their adverts since 1961 because this breed of dog has been used for so many years people associate it with the Dulux Company. The adverts catch people’s attention and as the dog has no relevance to paint products and therefore people will discuss the adverts. Another example of animals having no relevance to the product in which they are being advertised is the Andrex adverts, they use Labrador puppies in their adverts for toilet paper. When the adverts first came out, Golden Labrador puppies became extremely in demand. However some of the people who were buying the puppies had done little to no research about the dog. The appeal of owning a Labrador was having a small, cute dog. However many owners didn’t realise the size that they would grow to, many owners then re-homed them as they grew larger. However, there are exceptions to this where the animals are relevant to the product being advertised. These adverts are usually for pet products and rescue centres. Recue centres use abandoned looking animals in their adverts, which is an emotive technique. Another example of animals being used relevantly in adverts is pet products, such as Iam’s or Pedigree. They show the animals which the product is for. They use cute animals which the public find appealing. Many adverts portray animals inaccurately; this causes people to believe that the images which are shown are a true reflection of the animal, as they have little or no knowledge of how the animal behaves. This may result in people potentially buying dangerous pets. This can be harmful to the owner or the animal and can result in abandonment. Animals which are portrayed as unpleasant, scary or dangerous can be in danger when people assume animals are worse than they are from seeing them on television. A good example of this is ‘Harry Potter’, where spiders are shown to be dangerous and scary. This causes people to have a higher fear of the animals, this can also develop into phobias, which may result in people hurting or killing animals. Another good example of where animals are portrayed to be much more vicious than they actually are is in the film ‘Jaws’. Great white sharks are perceived to be human killers and go out of their way to hunt humans whereas in reality the chance of being killed by a shark is less than 1 in 264. 1 million (1). Films also promote animals, implying that they would be good pets. In the film ‘101 Dalmatians’ many breeds of dogs are perceived as being extremely intelligent and easy to care for. This causes people to purchase them without doing the correct research and easily become overwhelmed with the responsibility of caring for a dog. Animals in sports The most popular sports involving animals are horse racing, dog racing and angling. Many people find pleasure and excitement in racing and betting on animals, it creates enjoyment for owners, trainers and spectators. A large part of racing is when people gamble on the race. This will generate money for the owners and trainers of the animals as well as the book makers and the people who place the winning bets. Television will provide a source of income and promote the sport. People may also watch the races and place bets at their local Bookies. The animals which win the most races, are the most successful and will be highly valued for breeding. This helps to ensure good offspring for racing. Race horses will usually be spoilt and have the best quality of life to ensure that they are the fittest they can possibly be for racing. However, Greyhounds may be starved and beaten before races. Starving the dogs may provoke them to run faster to try and catch the ‘rabbit’ because their natural instincts kick in. Some owners/trainers may be more concerned with the financial gain than the animals’ welfare. As a result animals may be harmed during training. This also means that animals that are not fit enough to race may be abandoned, rehomed or destroyed. Animals may also be killed during racing as a result of injuries. Angling is very popular in the UK. Live bait is usually used to attract the fish but dead bait or artificial lures can be used instead. There are different types of angling including coarse, game and sea. The advantages of angling include the financial gain for manufacturers, dealers, charter skippers and the owners of the lakes and rivers where fishing takes place. The water quality in the lakes and rivers has greatly improved over recent years to benefit the stocks which also improve the quality of the fish’s life and the underwater ecosystem. Many of the fish are returned to the lake or river in which they came. There are also disadvantages with angling. Fish will become stressed and physically injured through being captured and handled. Even when the fish are returned to lake/river, they may not always survive due to the shock. Careless anglers have been known to spread disease within the lakes and rivers. Alien species have also been introduced to the ecosystem which shall compete with the native species. Animal fighting is illegal in the UK as well as other countries. Animals which are used to fight include bulls, cocks, dogs, fish, as well as badger and bear baiting. There are no advantages in this for the animals however some people get pleasure and money from this particular sport. The dogs are mistreated and starved so they become more aggressive. All animals involved in fighting suffer and many die from injury and infections to wounds received. The survivors to the fight will not receive the veterinary treatment that they require; therefore the healing process will be long and painful. Animals in work Animals have been used for helping disabled people and in working situations for many years. Guide dogs are given to the blind or extremely visually impaired people so that they find it easier to partake in everyday life. The dogs are trained to watch out for cars and objects that the owner may walk into, the dog will be able to guide them away from danger. Dogs can also be specially trained to help the disabled by opening doors, retrieving medicines and food. They can also be trained to alert help if the owner is injured or is unconscious. Some dogs can be trained to detect oncoming epileptic fits and can therefore warn the owner before a seizure occurs. Animals can also be used in a farming environment. The dogs which are commonly used are Border Collies, they are used to herd animals into a group. They are extremely intelligent and can learn commands by whistling and speech easily. They are trained to know the difference between herding left and right, they are also usually trained from a young age and are used until they are old. Dogs such as Spaniels can be used as gun dogs, this is where a shooting team shoots down birds and the dog will retrieve it unharmed. Horses were used to plough fields, gather sheep and cattle and transporting goods. However, they have now been replaced by machines. Animals in commercial use Animals can be used for their meat or for the products they produce. Chickens are used for their eggs until they can’t produce anymore, then they are killed for their meat. Battery farms keep chickens in cruel conditions, they will sometimes be force fed and have their beaks cut off to avoid pecking other chickens in the overcrowded conditions. Free range chickens however, are kept in good conditions with lots of room to run around. Cows are used for their milk, which can be turned in to yogurts and cheese; meat and their skin, which is used to make leather. Animals can also be used for medical testing as well as the testing of cosmetics. Many animals are put through stressful situations whilst being tested on. Medical testing can include testing drugs on animals for humans. However, animals have a different anatomy to humans and what may be harmful to them may be good for humans. For example, rabbits will die from taking Penicillin whereas it is beneficial to humans. Testing cosmetics on animals is needless as there are alternative methods to testing products. It’s not as common as it used to be, however, it does still happen. Products that don’t test on animals often publicise it as it’s an effective selling point.

About Ground Beetles, of the Family Carabidae

About Ground Beetles, of the Family Carabidae Turn over a rock or log, and youll see dark, shiny beetles running for cover- ground beetles. This diverse group of predators are among the top 10 beneficial garden insects. Though hidden by day, at night the Carabids hunt and feed on some of our worst garden pests. Description The best way to get to know the ground beetles is to observe some up close. Since most are nocturnal, you can usually find them hiding under boards or stepping stones during the day. Try using a pitfall trap to collect a few, and check for the telltale Carabid characteristics. Most ground beetles are black and shiny, though some display metallic colors. In many Carabids, the elytra are grooved. Look at a ground beetles hind legs, and youll notice the first leg segments (the hips) extend backward  over the first abdominal segment. Threadlike antennae emerge from between the eyes and the jaws of the ground beetle. The pronotum is always wider than the area of the head where the eyes are present. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass:  InsectaOrder:  ColeopteraFamily: Carabidae Diet Nearly all ground beetles prey on other invertebrates. Some Carabids are specialized predators, feeding exclusively on one type of prey. A few ground beetles feed on plants or seeds, and others are omnivores. Life Cycle Like all beetles, Carabids undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The entire cycle, from egg to reaching reproductivity, takes a full year in most species. Ground beetles usually lay their eggs on the surface of the soil or cover their eggs with soil. In general, eggs take up to a week to hatch. Larvae go through 2-4 instars before reaching the pupal stage. Ground beetles which breed in the spring typically overwinter as adults. Carabids that breed during the summer months tend to overwinter as larvae, then finish their development to adults in the spring. Special Adaptations and Defenses Many ground beetles employ chemical defense systems to fend off attackers. When handled or threatened, they use abdominal glands to produce pungent odors. Some, like the bombardier beetles, can even make chemical compounds that burn on contact. Range and Distribution Ground beetles live in almost every terrestrial habitat on earth. Worldwide, about 40,000 species in the family Carabidae have been described and named. In North America, the ground beetles number well over 2,000.

Week2 BUSFIN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week2 BUSFIN - Assignment Example This profitability ratio also shows the declining performance of Las Vegas Sands Corporation. However, the performance on the company is dependent on economy’s performance therefore we cannot conclude that this lackluster performance will continue in the future. As for the solvency is concerned, the company has experienced a declining debt to equity ratio which implies that shareholder’s still place trust on the company and they hold great expectation from the company in the future. Although a D/E ratio greater than 1 is not desirable but Las Vegas Sands Corporation should consider on reducing this ratio to increase its credit worthiness. The financial leverage ratio is similar to Debt to Equity ratio except the fact that it takes equity into the account. These ratios are implying that the company is solvent and can sustain the business in the future through its financing capabilities. The interest coverage ratio shows that the number of times a company’s EBIT can cover its interest expense. In year 2008, the company had a positive EBIT but they were not sufficient to cover the interest expense which implies that they were facing a liquidity crisis. Furthermore, in year 2009 the interest coverage ratio further reduced to -0.089 due to its operating expenses being greater than its gross profit. The company needs to concentrate on controlling its operating expenses in order to be

THE ROLE OF THE NURSE PRACTITIONER Research Paper

THE ROLE OF THE NURSE PRACTITIONER - Research Paper Example The FNP works and functions in a similar manner like a physician even though she lacks the same knowledge and qualifications of a doctor. In family settings, the family nurse practitioner makes routine check-ups on the physical condition of the family as well as diagnoses any form of illness and other minor injuries (Aries & Middough, 2010). Roles of a Family Nurse Practitioner in Hospital Environment A major responsibility of a nurse practitioner is preparation and maintenance of medical documentation of a certain family. She is responsible of updating the charts of her findings on the condition of a patient after the completion of diagnostic tests. A family nurse practitioner adds the new information into the patients chart. All these forms of medical communication between the nurse practitioner and the patient and between the patient and the physician in addition to any other healthcare worker involved have to be stored by the nurse practitioner in the personal file of the patient . This medical information is added to the medical history of the patient such that it can be used in future by other physicians who may be attending the patient (Hamric, 2008). Since a nurse practitioner acts under the surveillance of the attending physician, she should possess perfect communication skills and sufficiently work as expected with other attending physicians who are treating a certain specific member of a family. During the process of treating a patient, the family nurse practitioner has to be involved in the process as a she acts as a part of the medical team. It is a requirement that she shares her medical knowledge of the patient with other medical professionals as well discussing the condition of the patient in an effort to gain some knowledge about the patient which may be important at a latter date (Coffman & Edward, 1998). It is the responsibility of the family medical practitioner to discuss the condition of the patient with the doctor or any other visiting phy sician so as to receive an input approval from the doctor or the physician. In addition with collaborating with the doctor, the family nurse practitioner has to work hand-in-hand with other nurses and therapists for the betterment of their patient as they will provide important advice which will be very useful during the process of caring and treating the patient. Provision of proper medication and elderly care is also a part of their duty. After people get aged, they develop many complications where in some worse cases they get mentally retarded thus it is also a duty of the family nurse practitioner to oversee that they get the right medication as well as care (Aries & Middough, 2010). This nurse further observes the complaints of the patient and conducts a diagnosis on the patient’s health and determines the course of medication to be observed in accordance with the medical history of the patient. The family nurse practitioner has the mandate to demand lab tests or X-rays of a patient by lab physicians with reference to the condition of the patient so as to make recommendations on the type of treatment the patient is supposed to receive. For instance, a middle aged female may approach a female nurse practitioner with complaints of fatigue and based on her examination of the condition of the patient, the nurse practitioner has the liberty to order for lab tests to be conducted on such a patient so as to diagnose the scope of the

Organisation Behaviour Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisation Behaviour - Coursework Example In this context, effective job design becomes critical for securing that employees will be able to respond to the demands of their position. The terms of the implementation of effective job design within modern organizations are explored in this paper. It is proved that job design can highly contribute in the increase of employee performance but only if it is carefully planned and monitored. The use of approaches that have been already tested in practice can limit the risks related to the particular initiative and increase the expected benefits both for the employee and for the organization. 2. Effective job design within the Organisation 2(a) The meaning of job design Different approaches have been used for describing job design According to Randhawa (2007) job design is a term used for showing ‘the synthesis of a series of tasks that are necessary for performing a specific job’ (Randhawa 2007, p.54). From another point of view, job design describes ‘the content, the rewards and the skills related to a particular role’ (Randhawa 2007, p.54). In the last definition, emphasis is given ‘on the needs of the organization but also of the employees’ (Randhawa 2007, p.54). ... 2(b) The variety of possible approaches to improve job design In the context of modern organizations the improvement of job design is possible but only specific terms. In any case, a variety of approaches has been introduced for securing the improvement of job design. Managers have to choose the approach that is more aligned with the needs of both the organization and the employees. A common approach in job redesign is the motivational approach, which emphasizes on ‘employees’ autonomy and participation in all critical organizational decisions’ (Jex and Britt 2008, p.294). Reference should be also made to the biological approach that is based on the following rule: job design needs to ensure that the health of employees will be not threatened (Jex and Britt 2008, p.294). In the context of the biological approach emphasis is given not only on the safety of employees but also on their health (Jex and Britt 2008, p.294). The measures taken for limiting stress in the workplace are incorporated in the biological approach of job design. The alignment of organizational need for high profits with employees’ need for continuous development can be secured by using one of the following approaches of job design: a) job rotation; when using this approach, managers tend to promote ‘the movement of employees across the organization, from one position to another’ (Griffin 2011, p.160); b) job enlargement; this approach is based on the expansion of the tasks incorporated in each role (Griffin 2011); the employee the job of whose has been set under job enlargement has to respond to more duties usually with no extra compensation, a fact that often leads to conflicts across the workplace (Griffin 2011); c) job enrichment; this

Leadership Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Argument - Essay Example There have been various types of leadership whose distinction is based on the resultant effects. While the major effects are those affecting the business and the affairs of the state, the overall impacts to the people makes the study of leadership imperative. Leadership has been described as a way through which things are done. However, a particular type of leadership can result into benefits to people or sometimes disadvantage them. In this case, people normally depend on the decisions made by the society and the other ruling authorities, such as governments. Some others like Tracy (2014) believes that leadership is more necessary and critical than before. The leadership that benefits the people must be under people who are visionary and courageous. Such leaders can chart new seas as well as break new grounds (Arvey, Rotundo, & Johnson, 2006). An effective leadership will definitely make the difference even in ordinary situations and in little things. This encompasses simple things like helping people work excellently and nicely. Normally, effective leadership is independent of the setting. Delivery will be based on the passion of the leader and the desire to impact the people around positively, irrespective of the level of dependency of the subordinates. Taking the example of a school setting, a good leader will instill the value to both the students and the teachers. Basically, leadership is not about being the boss but is about making positive impacts on the lives of others. It is, therefore, imperative that effective leadership characterize all aspects of the lives of people, both at individual and society levels. There are various aspects that make goods leadership (Bonnici, 2011). Leadership depends on the type and personality of the leader. While it is true that leaders are not born but made, it is also true that leadership a group does not depend fully on the influence of degree of power of the leader. First of all,

Health Care Provider and health Diversity Essay

Health Care Provider and health Diversity - Essay Example On the contrary, Buddhism has a different world view since the faith has a straightforward looking at the human condition where nothing is ever based on wishful thinking (Murti, 2013). The origin of the Buddhism religion was based on the observation of how things are in the world and everything that the faith teaches is based on these observations, including the concept of healing. Therefore, it is imperative to discuss how the two faiths, Christianity, and Buddhism, perceive the concept of healing and how their worldviews may affect the process of providing healthcare. One of the vital questions to address when tackling issues to do with religion is the concept of spirituality. Christianity has a strong attachment to spirituality and, in this case, it refers to the extent to which human beings are connected to God as the supernatural being (Shelly & Miller, 2006). Thus, Christians hold their world view from the story of creation and fall where God, in spiritual presence, created everything and everything that happens is according to his will. Therefore, for a Christian seeking medical attention, he or she believes that the medics and healthcare providers are serving the purpose of God by preserving the life that God gives for free. In this case, the Christians believe that God uses the healthcare givers to protect the lives of human beings. On the other hand, the Christians believe that spirituality is living up to God’s expectations by following the footsteps of Jesus Christ (Woodhead, 2012). When handling a patient from Christian faith, therefore, the healthcare provider must understand that the religion has strong attachment to spirituality and doing things according to God’s will and that anything contrary to the Christian morals may invite God’s wrath as evident from the story of ‘the fall’ during the beginning of creation (Shelly & Miller, 2006). Thus, for

Leadership Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Argument - Essay Example There have been various types of leadership whose distinction is based on the resultant effects. While the major effects are those affecting the business and the affairs of the state, the overall impacts to the people makes the study of leadership imperative. Leadership has been described as a way through which things are done. However, a particular type of leadership can result into benefits to people or sometimes disadvantage them. In this case, people normally depend on the decisions made by the society and the other ruling authorities, such as governments. Some others like Tracy (2014) believes that leadership is more necessary and critical than before. The leadership that benefits the people must be under people who are visionary and courageous. Such leaders can chart new seas as well as break new grounds (Arvey, Rotundo, & Johnson, 2006). An effective leadership will definitely make the difference even in ordinary situations and in little things. This encompasses simple things like helping people work excellently and nicely. Normally, effective leadership is independent of the setting. Delivery will be based on the passion of the leader and the desire to impact the people around positively, irrespective of the level of dependency of the subordinates. Taking the example of a school setting, a good leader will instill the value to both the students and the teachers. Basically, leadership is not about being the boss but is about making positive impacts on the lives of others. It is, therefore, imperative that effective leadership characterize all aspects of the lives of people, both at individual and society levels. There are various aspects that make goods leadership (Bonnici, 2011). Leadership depends on the type and personality of the leader. While it is true that leaders are not born but made, it is also true that leadership a group does not depend fully on the influence of degree of power of the leader. First of all,

Religion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Religion - Assignment Example Cinemas, sport, Shops, among others were only available from Monday to Saturday. In the same period, many Churches were built in the mushrooming post-war suburbs and established urban ministries were renewed. The post-war years’ economic prosperity turned going to church into a badge of upward mobility or something of a status symbol. To many affluent working class families aspiring to the ranks of the middle class, churchgoing was a product and a symbol of American affluence. A survey by Lyle Schaller, a church growth expert, indicated that during that time, of the American population, the attendance of adults in mainline churches was 47 percent male and 53 percent female. The fact that male started involving themselves with church activities at a high level made the church grow. Previously, hardly any man could go to church. This shortage was due in part to the industrial revolution that brought new working conditions. Men started working long hours at mines and factories some of which operated on Sundays. Others left town in search for jobs, which took them away from home and their familiar parishes leaving the churches to children, aged men, and women (Murrow, 2005). Therefore, we can attribute people’s returning to church to social, theological and spiritual reasons among others. In this period of the 1950s, Protestantism became extensive and through the Protestants’ vigorous proselytization, approximately 20 percent of the population was Protestant by the late 1950s. The methods that Protestant churches used included focusing their appeal on the lower classes. They took their Churches and clergy in smaller villages where the Roman Catholics had not reached and rather than using French, their clergy used Creole. They also built clinics and schools that provided the much-needed services. They also encouraged marriages and baptisms and performed them free of charge. Up to date, these methods still have an impact

Working With Family Essay Example for Free

Working With Family Essay traumatizing to the close family and friends and to a larger extent to the society. The close family members faces the worst blunt, they have to comfort and care for the affected person and share in the pain and agonizing moments. This paper shall be looking at how a woman’s breast cancer impacts on the normal functioning of a family, its impact on the family member and the need for support and counseling to both the woman and the family. Cancer refers to any malignant tumor that is as a result of an unusual and incontrollable dividing of the cells in the body. Breast cancer too is as a result of a tumor developing in a person’s breast. It starts as a lump in one breast ten further spreads to both breasts if not treated in time. There are three factors that can lead to a woman getting breast cancer, it can be genetical. A woman who comes from a family where there is prevalence in breast cancer, if for example her sisters, mother or aunts have had it, she has higher chances of developing cancer in later life (Colerman, 2000, p. 43). Age too is another factor and women develop breast cancer as they grow older starting from the early forties. Diet has also been identified as another lead factor. Women who don’t get enough exercises are at more risk as too those who have unhealthy habits like excessive smoking, drinking and consumption of high fat meals (James Fahner, 2007). My case study takes me to a small neighborhood in Maryland, U. S. A. ; here we will encounter a lady named Georgina, a wife and a mother of two boys and a girl. She is in her late forties and still struggling with breast cancer. She was diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of thirty seven. This is the year that her life changed dramatically, it continues to change day in day out and has seen the removal of her left breast in a bid to arrest the spread of the disease. Amid tears, she says her condition was exacerbated by the fact that her lump was not detected early (Alberg A. J, 2000, p. 22). Early detection of breast cancer makes it easy to seek for easier and effective treatment. Statistics are in favor of early detection, modern technology can enable more than 90% of those diagnosed early to be cured (Family doctor. org; 2005, p.117).Despite her being highly educated, she was very ignorant of the disease and was unconcerned with the lumps developing in her left breast. She only sought expert assistance when the cancerous growth had already spread too far. She has all along attributed the lumps in her breasts to having been emanating from hormonal changes and age. She is paying dearly for that. Cancer diagnosis or any diagnosis associated with terminal illness is a s cary affair. Equally disturbing is the thought of how your loved ones will cope with the sad news. Georgina’s husband is a public relations manger with a local bank; she herself works with an advertising firm in the same locality. Her three kids have yet not gone beyond 10th grade and might be too young to understand her situation. She could not too understand how she came to be diagnosed with cancer at a young age of 33 despite the statistics predicting the occurrences to be more prevalent in post menopausal periods (Colditz GA et al, 1995, p. 52). The rest of the family lives in Europe where they tend to the family business. Although they have been there to help her cope with the trying moments, the distance apart has not helped much and she has to rely with her husband and close friends for physical and emotional support. How families cope with breast cancer cases is one of the most explored topics. Different people react in varied manner after learning that the close friend or partner has been diagnosed with breast cancer (Heiney et al, 2001, p. 134). Women with breast cancer should be cared for and comforted by their families as they go through the hallowing process in search of cure. While it is important for family members and friends to be there for her and encourage her to think positively, intimate partners are shouldered with the duty to reassure the woman of their unconditional love and commitment (Invision, 2007). Breast cancer is physically, mentally and emotionally devastating to all those involved especially to the close family members. If not handled with care, it might lead to a feeling of dissatisfaction and even a major break up in a family, more so between the affected partners.

The Works Of Pedro Almodovar Film Studies Essay

The Works Of Pedro Almodovar Film Studies Essay Pedro Almodà ³var, the Spanish film-maker, has always been considered in Hollywood to be a womans director (Maddison 2000). This definition actually connoted latent homosexuality and female-identified melodrama. However, this characteristic of Almodà ³vars works seems a little bit superfluous, as his films are best known for the mixture of reality and fiction, extraordinary messages and unique plots. Fiction and reality go together in the films by Pedro Almodà ³var. Sometimes it is next to impossible to differentiate between them, to decide what comes from real life and what was the play of directors imagination. One thing is true for sure: all films by Pedro Almodà ³var are united by the same central issue: the question of identity (Marsh 2006). He engages this issue in many different ways from the earliest work Pepi, Luci, Bom y las otras chicas del montà ³n (1980) to his most recent film Volver (Return) (2006). This is a key feature of Pedro Almodà ³var and it is consistently depicted through the motif of writing. He writes reality into existence and thereby changes it through fiction. Thus, the film-maker interrogates all forms of subject formation and subjectivity. The films of Pedro Almodà ³var abound in characters who adopt multiple pseudonyms, the repeated images of typewriters, the information transmitted through found notes, the eerie presence of ghostwriters (Mars h 2006). The film All About My Mother (Todo Sobre Mi Madre (1999)) is one of the best examples of interrelation of reality and fiction. The subject of the film is the definition of sexual identity. This point is a very important one, as Pedro Almodà ³var never introduces exclusively homosexual or heterosexual characters. On the contrary, the characters of the film perform their identities and so it is next to impossible to define what identity will be chosen by them at any moment. This point is present not only in All About My Mother, but in many other works of Pedro Almodà ³var (such as in his earlier work La Ley Deseo (1986), for example). Pedro Almodà ³var subverts identity through the human body. The director rejects the idea that a persons identity, his or her essence is contained in one single organ, such as heart, for instance. On the contrary, the combination of physical appearance alongside with inner content defines a certain gender of any person. Thus, Pedro Almodà ³var introduces a rather ironic scene when Agrado, the transsexual character of the film, delivers a rather comic and in the same time frank confession, giving all the details of the operations with her body that lead to her present feminine gender. Pedro Almodà ³var rather boldly undermines the Christian learning that presents human body as an inviolable and essential representation of being. The film-maker goes further and subverts identity. He proposes the body as a site of imitation. According to Pedro Almodà ³var (2010) the main topics of his film All About My Mother include womans ability to pretend, wounded motherhood and the spontaneous solidarity among women (Almodà ³var 2010). Although the film is a fiction, Manuelas reality is very grim and harsh. All her life she has to run away. First, she runs away from Barcelona to Madrid, carrying a son inside her. She runs away from her sons (Esteban) father. Eighteen years later Manuela has to run again in the opposite direction. Her son died and she returns to Barcelona to find his father and to tell him about the short life of the son he never knew about. She wants to leave Madrid, the city where Estebans life started and ended so quickly. Manuelas feelings are in confusion. Barcelona is the city of Estebans father. Madrid is Estebans city. Manuelas emotions are difficult to understand as she cannot sort them out herself. For her both these cities are incompatible and irreconcilable. When Esteban asked her about his father she always tried to change the subject of the conversation. She had a reason, as his father decided to take a feminine form and everybody called him Lola. Seventeen years she kept silent and at last Manuela promised to tell her son about his father on his birthday that happened to be Estebans last day. Esteban did not know his father. What appears to be reality for Manuela results in fiction for Esteban. Manuela runs away once more. It is Barcelona Madrid direction again; besides she is again with Esteban, a baby whose father is also Lola. It is rather symbolic. Manuela feels something like revival. She has a son to take care of, his name is Esteban and she is the only person left in this world to dedicate herself to this new life. Manuela realizes that her life is really extraordinary. She does not even comprehend herself sometimes what is true and what is not in her life; she herself cannot differentiate the boundaries between reality and fiction, because everything i s so real and so unusual in her life. She also realizes that she could be an actress if she wanted, as she sees in herself the ability to change and pretend. All About My Mother implies the ideas of female identification and introduce the concept of heterosocial bonds as a way of understanding the structures of knowledge (Maddison 2000). In fact, Manuela, the main character of the film, pushes herself to form alternative bonds between herself and other women in order to adjust to the difficulties caused by men in her life. It seems very clear that All About My Mother is a film with which Pedro Almodà ³var offers and extraordinary degree of female identification. This film has an emotionally intense, somber quality (Maddison 2000). The death of Esteban, Manuelas only son, catalyses the narration of the film. Besides, it nearly separates the political and emotional idea of motherhood from the performance of this role in the family. Almodà ³var presents female bonding that eliminates mens control and influence in the family. So, he points out that femininity is not the sole realm of women; nor is gender oppression the sole experience of wo men (Maddison 2000). The boundaries between real life and fiction are often blurred in the films by Pedro Almodà ³var. That is one of the reasons why his films are so popular, unique and extraordinary. No one can dispute this fact nevertheless he likes or dislikes Pedro Almodà ³vars works. That can be considered one of the distinguishing features of Almodà ³vars films. He mentions in one of his interviews (Almodà ³var 2006) that reality and fiction are sometimes absolutely fused in his films. All films by Pedro Almodà ³var can be characterized as a mixture of images and sounds, genres, changing genders and characters, actors and motifs. The director characterized that with the term collage (Rosen 2006). These collages create endless chains of echoes and reflections between fiction and reality. In his interview about his film Volver Pedro Almodà ³var says: The best way to tell a fiction (at least in my case) is to dress it with reality. Reality and fiction come together without confusion (2010).The film-maker claims that he can then hold the direct conversation with the film he is making. Sometimes it appears to be difficult even for the director to distinguish between reality and fiction. Pedro Almodà ³var just accepts the fact that films are his life. The films he makes just come from his life and sometimes it happens vice versa: his films give rise to life. All About My Mother has both the features of reality and fiction. Every picture is the result of the film-makers fantasy and imagination. However, this film is also a mourning of Almodà ³var for his own mother. Thus, the intertextual references make fiction and reality interpenetrate and it is already impossible to tell reality from fiction as it is impossible to differentiate between the grief of the mother who lost her only son and the grief of a son who lost his mother. The thirteenth film by Pedro Almodà ³var All About My Mother is considered by the critics to be the most accomplished directors film. It is dramatically rich and its emotional gravitas really does serve to recognize the power and quality of the film.

Abigail Adams: Influential Wife of President John Adams :: Biography Biographies Essays

Abigail Adams: Influential Wife of President John Adams Abigail Adams was a unique women because she had an education and an interest in politics. She learned how to read and write and enjoyed poems most. She was also very resourceful by helping her husband on difficult problems. Abigail was born on November 11 on the Julian calendar, or November 22 on the modern Gregorian calendar. Abigail had two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth or Betsy. She had one brother named William or Billy. Abigail's name was originally Abigail Smith. Each baby was baptized on the first Sabbath of its life and was recorded in their parish records. Abigail live in a comfortable house. When Abigail was sixteen, her father added a wing that was bigger than the original building to make room for the children, servants, and visitors. When I say servants it means that they were probably slaves but were called servants to avoid the dehumanizing effect that the word 'slave' can mean. Their house was a sight of luxury in the eyes of the common folk in the parish. Though they lived well, the Smiths had no fortune. Abigail's father often worked with his own hands, planting corn and potatoes, gathering hay, sowing barley, or making sure that his sheep received proper care. Abigail, with the help of her family grew a very religious bond between each other and a long lasting friendship. Abigail never went to a real school because of poor health. So, she learned at home. Her father's library was not big, but she still went to it to read books. Abigail's favorite books were novels by Samuel Richardson. Abigail's father knew John Adams by working with him and she grew rather close to him starting a wedding. This now made her name Abigail Adams. Their wedding was held on October 25, 1764, a month before her twentieth birthday. John was a lawyer and very often was not at home due to court cases he had to attend to. When Abigail was pregnant with her first son, John was only at home for eight out of the nine months. The baby was born on a hot day on the morning of July 14, 1765. The baby's name was 'Abigail', but was called Nabby. She was with her parents when she had the baby. Shortly after, she was again pregnant. Abigail Adams: Influential Wife of President John Adams :: Biography Biographies Essays Abigail Adams: Influential Wife of President John Adams Abigail Adams was a unique women because she had an education and an interest in politics. She learned how to read and write and enjoyed poems most. She was also very resourceful by helping her husband on difficult problems. Abigail was born on November 11 on the Julian calendar, or November 22 on the modern Gregorian calendar. Abigail had two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth or Betsy. She had one brother named William or Billy. Abigail's name was originally Abigail Smith. Each baby was baptized on the first Sabbath of its life and was recorded in their parish records. Abigail live in a comfortable house. When Abigail was sixteen, her father added a wing that was bigger than the original building to make room for the children, servants, and visitors. When I say servants it means that they were probably slaves but were called servants to avoid the dehumanizing effect that the word 'slave' can mean. Their house was a sight of luxury in the eyes of the common folk in the parish. Though they lived well, the Smiths had no fortune. Abigail's father often worked with his own hands, planting corn and potatoes, gathering hay, sowing barley, or making sure that his sheep received proper care. Abigail, with the help of her family grew a very religious bond between each other and a long lasting friendship. Abigail never went to a real school because of poor health. So, she learned at home. Her father's library was not big, but she still went to it to read books. Abigail's favorite books were novels by Samuel Richardson. Abigail's father knew John Adams by working with him and she grew rather close to him starting a wedding. This now made her name Abigail Adams. Their wedding was held on October 25, 1764, a month before her twentieth birthday. John was a lawyer and very often was not at home due to court cases he had to attend to. When Abigail was pregnant with her first son, John was only at home for eight out of the nine months. The baby was born on a hot day on the morning of July 14, 1765. The baby's name was 'Abigail', but was called Nabby. She was with her parents when she had the baby. Shortly after, she was again pregnant.

Knowledge Based Systems

What is a knowledge-based system? A system which is built around a knowledge base. i. e. a collection of knowledge, taken from a human, and stored in such a way that the system can reason with it. Example: System: What is the patient's name? User: George Smith System: What is the patient's age? User: 52 years System: Is the patient male or female? User: Male System: What are the symptoms? User: Headache dizziness upset stomach high fever System: When did these symptoms first appear? User: 23/03/2002System: I conclude that the patient has a viral infection , my recommendation is that he should take two aspirin, drink plenty of fluid, get lots of rest. What is knowledge? Knowledge is the sort of information that people use to solve problems. Knowledge includes facts, concepts, procedures, models, heuristics, etc. Knowledge may be: * specific or general * exact or fuzzy * procedural or declarative What is an expert system? * A particular kind of knowledge-based system * One in which the knowledge, stored in the knowledge base, has been taken from an expert in some particular field.Therefore, an expert system can, to a certain extent, act as a substitute for the expert from whom the knowledge was taken. What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is concerned with exploring such aspects of human (and other animal) mental activity as: * understanding * creativity * Perception * problem-solving * consciousness * using language * Intelligence by simulating them using computers. It is therefore closely connected with such social sciences as: * psychology * linguistics * philosophy Applied Artificial IntelligenceWhat is applied AI? Applied AI is concerned with producing software which is â€Å"intelligent† It is intelligent in that it is based on what we know about human reasoning and other mental abilities We are therefore talking about a branch of advanced computing – computer technology – rather than social science Knowledge eng ineering The term â€Å"knowledge engineering† is often used to mean the process of designing, building and installing an expert system or other knowledge-based system. Some authors use the term to mean just the knowledge acquisition phase. ExpertsAn expert is an experienced practitioner in his/her particular field. More than that, he/she is a highly effective problem-solver and decision-taker in that field. Experts have three qualities: * They make good decisions * They make those decisions quickly * They are able to cope with a wide range of problems. Experts and expert systems Note that: The task that an expert system performs will generally be regarded as difficult. An expert system almost always operates in a rather narrow field of knowledge. The field of knowledge is called the knowledge domain of the system.There are many fields where expert systems can usefully be built. There are also many fields where they can’t. Note also that an expert can usually explain a nd justify his/her decisions. Reasons for building an E. S. One might build an expert system for any or all of the following reasons: * To archive an expert’s knowledge, to insure against the day when he/she leaves, or retires, or dies. * To disseminate his/her knowledge, so that it is available in more (possibly many more) places than the location of the expert. * To ensure uniformity of advice/decisions. As a basis for training other specialists. Advantages of expert systems E. S. have the following advantages over human experts: * The knowledge is permanent * The knowledge is easily replicated * The knowledge is represented explicitly, and can be evaluated * The system is consistent – whereas human practitioners have bad days, computers don’t. * Once built, running costs are low Disadvantages of expert systems a) Developing an expert system usually costs a great deal of time & money b) Historically, there has been a high failure rate in E.S. projects * The pr oject may well fail during development – most likely during the â€Å"knowledge acquisition† phase. * The development may succeed, but the organisation may fail to accept and use the finished system. c) A human expert can update his/her knowledge in the light of * Common sense * Knowledge derived from other domain * Contacts with other experts. An expert system can’t. Choosing an E. S. project a) Because of cost, and the danger of failure, it is important that E. S. projects are carefully chosen. ) The expense must be justified, in the light of the possible benefits. c) E. S. technology must be appropriate a. the right kind of expertise is involved b. Make sure it isn’t a problem which conventional programming could do better. d) Management, and the participants, must support the project fully. Possible expert systems – case histories For discussion; The following seven problem areas may, or may not, be suitable for computerisation as expert system s. * A certain third world country has a large population, very few trained doctors, and insufficient resources to train many more.It is proposed to provide paramedics, who can be trained relatively cheaply and easily, with medical kits and portable PCs, each PC to be loaded with an expert system that can advise on the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of common diseases. * The housing department in a provincial English town is overworked, although the staff turnover is quite low. Much of the work the staff do involves interviewing clients, and there is a clear pattern of questioning (which varies to a limited degree, depending on the circumstances of the client). It is proposed to build an expert system, which will direct the questioning process. A firm of wine importers relies heavily on its chief wine expert, who is skilled at selecting wines that are destined to be popular, on the basis of their taste, colour, scent etc. She is soon to retire. It is proposed to build an exper t system that will enable any of several junior wine specialists to do her job. * An education authority has a severe shortage of primary school teachers. It is proposed that an expert system should be built which can do the job of teaching English and arithmetic to five year old children. * A software company proposes to build an expert system which can perform book-keeping for small commercial concerns. A large manufacturer of diesel electric locomotives has problems in providing enough maintenance personnel who are sufficiently skilled to locate faults in these (highly complex) locomotives. They propose to build an expert system which can perform fault location on such a machine. * A mineral exploitation company wishes to extend its operations, which involve searching for hitherto undiscovered deposits of valuable metal ores. It is short of trained geologists. It proposes to build an expert system which can assess a geological site and come to a conclusion about how likely it is that there is a worthwhile mineral deposit there.

Economic inequality Essay

According to Douglass Massey, what makes America so exceptional? Explain globalization’s effects on inequality in the United States. According to Douglass Massey, what makes America so exceptional is â€Å"among developed nations for the amount of inequality it tolerates† (Massey 22). Globalization happens all around the world but, only in the United States inequality is getting out of hand. Globalization’s effects on inequality in United States is after the end of the New Deal coalition the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. The new realignment favored the rich in the expense of middle and lower classes. The poor was taxed more and the rich were taxed less. Tarry Hum’s article (â€Å"Persistent Polarization..†) provides a profile of the city’s current labor force. What does Hum mean by â€Å"persistent polarization†? Compare per capita income and rates of unemployment among different racial and ethnic groups in New York City. – In Tarry Hum’s article â€Å"Persistent Polarization† means the large gap of employment in terms of race, gender, and nativity. For instance, language, proficiency, and education. In terms of race, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians (minorities) were making up 70-75% of the workforce. I’m not really understanding the second part of the question but, I’ll take a go at it. – According to the data, Immigrants aren’t happy about their working condition and wages. The data shows that immigrants works most insecure jobs such as construction and transportation. Some of these jobs are also very high risk yet they get paid below average wages. Does Katherine Newman (author of â€Å"Working Lives†) subscribe to the â€Å"poverty as pathology† idea that people are poor because they are lazy/have no work ethic/don’t try to get a job? Support your answer with evidence from her article. Katherine Newman thinks that if people work hard they should be rewarded. This also doesn’t mean that people in poverty deserves their low standard of living. This means if you work hard you should be rewarded and if you don’t you don’t deserve anything from the goverment. Individuals that lacks work ethics should not be compensated by the states. Not only do they not deserve it they didn’t even try. She thinks that personal failure they are resistaing the econmic and social program. An individual, if you’re not smart and poor and whatever it means it only mean you’re failing yourself and not because the states didn’t do anything for you.

Religion…True or False? Essay

For many people religion represents a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. Within this commitment encompasses a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, practices or system of beliefs held to with ardor and reliance. In Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle, Vonnegut introduces a religion known as Bokononism, which epitomizes a standard foundation built upon nothing more than â€Å"foma! Lies!† (Vonnegut 191). Bokononism focuses on man’s need for a God, even though Vonnegut believes there is no such thing. He expresses his beliefs of Divine Province, while making fun of Christianity, satirizing the notion that all religions are nothing more than lies. Religion gives many people a feeling of security because they believe that a divine power watches over them and promises them salvation and either happiness or the chance to improve themselves in a life after death. Bokononism is a religion based on lies, while Christianity is a based around the life and teachings of Christ and the sacred scripture of the Bible. Hence, the question is whether or not society bases religion, mainly Christianity, upon nothing more than â€Å"foma† itself. Bokononism breathed life when first founded by a Negro man named Lionel Boyd Johnson. The name Bokonon surfaced due to the fact that it rendered to be the â€Å"pronunciation given the name Johnson in the island’s English dialect† (Vonnegut 108). Bokonon creates the religion for the people of a small Caribbean island called San Lorenzo; he then makes it a point that â€Å"he and his religion be outlawed, and that those caught practicing it [are] to be killed† (Lundquist 37) by punishment of being hanged on the dreaded hook. Such an atrocity becomes enacted so the people will be happy and totally content, for by taking part in the religion that all people on the island practice, they partake in a rebellious action and can take the focus from their horribly useless lives. The idea is for that the religion and the government to constantly oppose each other, with Bokonon the virtuous prohibit, hiding from it all. The doctrines that make up Bokononism consist of a â€Å"language itself [that] is amusing, [yet] serves to outline an approach to life that has considerable appeal† (Lundquist 37) in which assists in capturing the true essence behind the religion. Coincidentally resembling Jesus and the bible, Bokonon relies on his vast variety of language, and his Books of Bokonon. His language consists of several significant key concepts such as a karass, which is a â€Å"team [of people] that do[es] God’s will without ever discovering what they are doing† (Vonnegut 2), thus revealing that â€Å"if you find your life tangled up with somebody else’s life for no very logical reasons†, writes Bokonon, â€Å"that person may be a member of your karass† (Simons 45). In The Books of Bokonon, Bokonon mainly comprises them of calypsos and such on religion, life, and perceptions. More importantly however exists the theory of Dynamic Tension. Such a theory embodies the belief of good versus evil, and maintaining the ongoing tension between the two. To draw a parallel, is the incident of the Garden of Good and Evil within Christianity. Christianity happened to be instituted on the existence and philosophy of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ’s life began after he was baptized by Saint John when he thirty years old. He set out with a certain ambition, being that he sought to announce that â€Å"the Kingdom of God was coming, and that it had begun to arrive even as He announced it† (Callan 2). Jesus established this ambition both verbally and physically by utilizing His phenomenon and philosophies. In addition, Jesus also preformed many miracles, in which he made reputable as to the benefit of other people not Himself. Among such miracles include: changing water into wine, walking on the sea, healing sick people, alleviating the pain of the suffering, restoring sight to the blind, and restoring to the disabled people the ability to use their limbs again (Callan 2). Overall, most Christians of society believe that Jesus portrays the bona fide savior that will, in the end, resuscitate humanity. Bokononism starts with a creation event, which mocks the Christian creation account. In Bokonon’s tale of creation God creates man and woman out of mud, rather than dust, and he concludes by allowing them to define their own purpose. While the difference between dust and mud seem insignificant, the purpose for humanity may be quite different. Bokonon tells man that his purpose in life is defined by himself, and not by God. Here on the opposite end of this, Christianity holds that every person’s purpose in life bestows to bring honor and glory to God, whether provided by preaching the good news (Gospel) or by practicing good works toward man, and letting the glory of God shine outward through them (Callan 1). Compared to Christianity, Bokononism does not specifically talk of man’s fall into sin, however, it does somewhat infer that Bokonon first preached on the folly of understanding and the hollowness of truth and human stupidity, which he ultimately won the people of San Lorenzo over with. Bokonon preached on man’s sin right from the beginning, similar to what may be depicted through the garden of Good and Evil in Christianity. â€Å"As helpful as Bokononism [was], as devoid of false pieties as it [was], as concerned as it [was] with human decency and the necessity of having a sense of purpose† (Lundquist 39) it, in the end, is nothing more then the notion of living â€Å"life by the foma that make[s] you brave and kind and healthy and happy† (Simons 39). Christianity often refers to good works as the doctrine of Sanctification (Knight 5). This doctrine begins with the understanding that man is sinful, and will be sinful until the day he dies. Regardless of what man does or tries to accomplish on earth, he will always be sinful, and will continue to fall into sin lurching ever so quickly toward eternal death and damnation (Knight 5-6). Vonnegut seems to perceive, like many, that Christians feel because they are spotless before the eyes of the Lord, that they can thus do what they please. The Holy Spirit corroborates work in a Christian’s life, and may even be responsible for the faith which breeds within a Christian. The basic principle behind sanctification is that the death of Christ, which the Holy Spirit has given faith in, is the inspiration and the power which pushes a Christian to do good works. Hence, this encompasses the doctrine of daily life, one which a Christian yearns to practice every day, and yet may be constant ly faced with a road block, the road block of sin. â€Å"Bokononism is a philosophy of flow, resisting entropy and harrowing the fixities that reduce societies to monomaniacal obsessions† (Simons 47) of harmless untruths. Bokonon â€Å"worships the human above all other values,† (Simons 45); however, at the same time relishes in the fact that the joke of â€Å"maintaining order† through the religion of Bokononism, serves as a joke being played on humanity thus revealing human stupidity. Bokononism denotes the joke on Christianity, every characteristic of Bokononism can be designed to mock Christianity in some manner or another. Bokonon insists that his own religion, which he created, is filled with lies and based on nothing else, yet all of the Island of San Lorenzo believes in Bokonon (Lundquist 135). Ultimately, â€Å"Bokononism refuses to blink at the hard truth of a reality it cannot alter, it nevertheless fictionalizes that reality† (Simons 40). Bokononists have to hide their religion, because the world hates and despises them for their beliefs. Much akin to the Bokononists, who are condemned to an oath of silence, Christians have to hide their voices and beliefs as well. Christians over time have been forced into hiding, because they are not considered â€Å"politically correct† and Bokononists have been shoved into hiding so as not to touch the â€Å"souls† of their feet, known as the art of Boko-Maru (Vonnegut 135). Simultaneously, they all enter a hiding, a hiding from the world which hates what it does not know, and what it does not know is good, and love. On the whole, Christian faith portrays the notion about seeking and knowing Jesus Christ with all facets of the human character. It corresponds to loving Him with all your heart, mind, soul and strength; therefore, certain individualistic and legitimate fallacies are flip sides of an error to the concept of Christianity. Underlying the error of the individualistic fallacy is the presumption that Jesus demands on societies lives in which can be satisfied by societies own efforts. The legitimate fallacy holds that there are possibly some set of rules of behavior which can be kept to earn a way into Jesus’ favor. Then, the next step of the fallacy can be established by insisting that, as long as society keeps Jesus’ rules and, thus, please Him, they are free in all other things to live their lives in their own way, entirely for their benefit, without further considering Him. We all look for ways to please Jesus, and avoid eternal punishment by simply keeping rules, with minimal actual contact with Him and without ever giving ourselves to Him. Nevertheless, this does not work that way, and the result of society pursuing religion in this way is usually horrendous, and furthermore is not a religion based on â€Å"foma†, or a certain principle, but based on a relationship with Jesus Christ. Prepositional Phrase Subject Verb Infinitive Phrase Adverb Clause Participial Phrase Adj. Clause -ly Adverbs Conjunctive Adverb Gerund Phrase Works Cited Callan, Terrance D. â€Å"Jesus Christ.† 31 May 2003. . Knight, Kevin. â€Å"Catholic Encyclopedia: Character of Jesus Chris.† May 31 200. . Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1977. Simons, John L. â€Å"Tangled Up in You: A Playful Reading of Cat’s Cradle.† Kurt Vonnegut. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Vonnegut, Kurt. Cat’s Cradle. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1963.